Abstract
SKI-INTERACTING PROTEINS (SKIPs), primarily known as splicing factors, control gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in stress responses in plants. However, little is known about SKIPs in regulating plant drought stress at the transcriptional level, particularly in maize (Zea mays L.). Here, we discover that ZmSKIP enhances drought tolerance in maize. ZmSKIP transgenic plants were generated to study how ZmSKIP positively regulates drought tolerance. Overexpression of ZmSKIP promoted stomatal closure and reduced water loss, whereas the opposite effect was observed in skip-aa mutants. ZmSKIP directly binds to the "TAATA" motif in the promoter of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated athanogene 8 (ZmBAG8). bag8 mutants exhibit the decreased water loss and reduced stomatal aperture phenotype under drought stress. Additionally, ZmSKIP can be recruited by ZmBAG8 in stress granules (SGs) to decrease its protein abundance in the nucleus. Increased ZmBAG8 expression leads to larger stomatal aperture and normal plant growth. Under drought stress, the interaction between ZmSKIP and ZmBAG8 was abolished, while ZmSnRK2.3 phosphorylates ZmSKIP at Ser236 and Ser244 to enhances drought tolerance by strengthening the ability of ZmSKIP to suppress ZmBAG8 expression. Thus, our findings demonstrate that ZmSnRK2.3-mediated phosphorylation of ZmSKIP reduces ZmBAG8 expression and stomatal aperture, thereby enhancing drought tolerance in maize.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
ZmSKIP enhances drought tolerance in maize.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmSKIP enhances drought tolerance in maize.”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of ZmSKIP promoted stomatal closure.
- Treatment
- Overexpression of ZmSKIPe0
- Gene
- ZmSKIPe0
- Outcome
- stomatal closuree0
- Direction
- promotede0
- Comparator
- skip-aa mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of ZmSKIP promoted stomatal closure and reduced water loss, whereas the opposite effect was observed in skip-aa mutants.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Overexpression of ZmSKIP reduced water loss, with the opposite effect in skip-aa mutants.
- Treatment
- Overexpression of ZmSKIPe0
- Gene
- ZmSKIPe0
- Outcome
- water losse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- skip-aa mutantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Overexpression of ZmSKIP promoted stomatal closure and reduced water loss, whereas the opposite effect was observed in skip-aa mutants.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmSKIP directly binds the TAATA motif in the ZmBAG8 promoter.
- Gene
- ZmSKIPe0
- Outcome
- directly binds to the "TAATA" motif in the promoter of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated athanogene 8 (ZmBAG8)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmSKIP directly binds to the "TAATA" motif in the promoter of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated athanogene 8 (ZmBAG8).”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
bag8 mutants had decreased water loss under drought stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bag8 mutants exhibit the decreased water loss and reduced stomatal aperture phenotype under drought stress.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
bag8 mutants had reduced stomatal aperture under drought stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“bag8 mutants exhibit the decreased water loss and reduced stomatal aperture phenotype under drought stress.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmBAG8 recruits ZmSKIP in stress granules and decreases its nuclear abundance.
- Gene
- ZmBAG8e0
- Outcome
- ZmSKIP can be recruited by ZmBAG8 in stress granules (SGs) to decrease its protein abundance in the nucleuse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmSKIP can be recruited by ZmBAG8 in stress granules (SGs) to decrease its protein abundance in the nucleus.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ZmBAG8 expression enlarged stomatal aperture.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased ZmBAG8 expression leads to larger stomatal aperture and normal plant growth.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Increased ZmBAG8 expression supported normal plant growth.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Increased ZmBAG8 expression leads to larger stomatal aperture and normal plant growth.”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought stress abolished the ZmSKIP–ZmBAG8 interaction.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Under drought stress, the interaction between ZmSKIP and ZmBAG8 was abolished”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmSnRK2.3 phosphorylates ZmSKIP at Ser236 and Ser244 under drought stress.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmSnRK2.3 phosphorylates ZmSKIP at Ser236 and Ser244 to enhances drought tolerance”
t0“maize”
Claim · model-written summary
ZmSnRK2.3 phosphorylation of ZmSKIP enhances drought tolerance through stronger suppression of ZmBAG8 expression.
- Gene
- ZmSnRK2.3e0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancese0
- Qualifier
- strengthening the ability of ZmSKIP to suppress ZmBAG8 expressione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ZmSnRK2.3 phosphorylates ZmSKIP at Ser236 and Ser244 to enhances drought tolerance by strengthening the ability of ZmSKIP to suppress ZmBAG8 expression.”
t0“maize”