Abstract
Although current ozone (O₃) concentrations significantly reduce crop yields globally, their potential effects on Coffea arabica plantations remain largely unexplored. This study addresses that gap by testing the hypothesis that C. arabica plants may tolerate O₃-induced oxidative stress by adjusting leaf physiological and metabolic processes. An experimental study was conducted using a FACE (free air-controlled exposure) facility to assess gas-exchange parameters, phenolics, lignin and carbohydrate contents, cell-damage indicators, antioxidant responses, and metabolic profiling in coffee plants (cv. Geisha) exposed to three O₃ levels: 1[O 3 ] AA (ambient), 1.5×[O 3 ] AA and 2.0×[O 3 ] AA, corresponding to 47.0, 68.2, 94.3 ppb as mean hourly concentrations, respectively. Geisha plants responded by adjusting their leaf physiological and metabolic processes, showing reduced photosynthetic activity and activating compensatory mechanisms, such as increased antioxidants, accumulation of amino acids, and elevated fatty acids, to support redox balance, energy metabolism, and membrane repair. These responses partially reduced oxidative damage and highlighted the complex metabolic changes involved in O 3 tolerance. However, these adjustments did not prevent leaf injury, indicating that the original hypothesis was not supported. Chronic ozone exposure caused significant physiological and metabolic disruptions, including reduced photosynthesis, lower leaf biomass, and impaired redox balance. These effects likely weaken cell walls by reducing lignin, cellulose, and pectin, thereby compromising leaf structure. Our findings emphasize the importance of understanding plant-specific metabolic responses to develop strategies that enhance resilience and productivity in agroecosystems facing rising O 3 pollution.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chronic ozone exposure reduced photosynthesis in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabica
Coffea arabicat0 - Treatment
- Chronic ozone exposuree1
- Outcome
- photosynthesise1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“Chronic ozone exposure caused significant physiological and metabolic disruptions, including reduced photosynthesis, lower leaf biomass, and impaired redox balance”
Claim · model-written summary
Chronic ozone exposure lowered leaf biomass in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Treatment
- Chronic ozone exposuree1
- Outcome
- leaf biomasse1
- Direction
- lowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“Chronic ozone exposure caused significant physiological and metabolic disruptions, including reduced photosynthesis, lower leaf biomass, and impaired redox balance”
Claim · model-written summary
Chronic ozone exposure impaired redox balance in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Treatment
- Chronic ozone exposuree1
- Outcome
- redox balancee1
- Direction
- impairede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“Chronic ozone exposure caused significant physiological and metabolic disruptions, including reduced photosynthesis, lower leaf biomass, and impaired redox balance”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffea arabica showed increased antioxidants under ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Outcome
- antioxidantse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“activating compensatory mechanisms, such as increased antioxidants, accumulation of amino acids, and elevated fatty acids, to support redox balance, energy metabolism, and membrane repair”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffea arabica showed accumulation of amino acids under ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Outcome
- amino acidse1
- Direction
- accumulatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“activating compensatory mechanisms, such as increased antioxidants, accumulation of amino acids, and elevated fatty acids, to support redox balance, energy metabolism, and membrane repair”
Claim · model-written summary
Coffea arabica showed elevated fatty acids under ozone exposure.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Outcome
- fatty acidse1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“activating compensatory mechanisms, such as increased antioxidants, accumulation of amino acids, and elevated fatty acids, to support redox balance, energy metabolism, and membrane repair”
Claim · model-written summary
The compensatory adjustments partially reduced oxidative damage in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Outcome
- oxidative damagee1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Qualifier
- partiallye1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“These responses partially reduced oxidative damage”
Claim · model-written summary
The leaf adjustments did not prevent leaf injury in Coffea arabica.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Outcome
- leaf injurye1
- Qualifier
- did not prevente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“these adjustments did not prevent leaf injury, indicating that the original hypothesis was not supported”
Claim · model-written summary
Chronic ozone is likely to weaken leaf cell walls in Coffea arabica by reducing lignin, cellulose and pectin.
- Taxon
- Coffea arabicaCoffea arabicat0
- Outcome
- cell wallse1
- Qualifier
- reducing lignin, cellulose, and pectine1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Coffea arabica”
e1“These effects likely weaken cell walls by reducing lignin, cellulose, and pectin, thereby compromising leaf structure”