Abstract
Starch characteristics are of paramount importance for the eating and cooking quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.), and many genes act in concert to regulate starch biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the seed morphology, starch structure, and genetic basis of the endosperm cavity mutant "KDS-1830C". The "KDS-1830C" mutant displayed an opaque endosperm with a central cavity, in contrast to normal translucent endosperm of wild-type "Kitaake." Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed distinct starch granule morphologies with "Kitaake" grains exhibiting polygonal granules and "KDS-1830C" showing irregularly-shaped, rounded granules. Comparison of yield-related and starch physico-chemical traits revealed significant differences in grain width, thickness, weight, and protein content, with "KDS-1830C" having lower seed hardness. QTL-seq analysis identified a significant locus on chromosome 11 associated with the cavity phenotype. A non-synonymous SNP in the LOC_Os11g37560 gene was detected as the candidate causal mutation and is predicted to generate a premature stop codon. This gene's ortholog in Arabidopsis, LESV, is known to influence starch granule structure. Protein structure prediction suggests that the nonsense mutation in "KDS-1830C" results in a truncated β sheet structure, potentially impairing amylopectin binding and granule crystallization. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic and structural factors influencing rice endosperm development and starch biosynthesis, which are of critical importance to maintaining and improving rice grain quality.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
The KDS-1830C mutant had an opaque endosperm with a central cavity, unlike the normal translucent endosperm of wild-type Kitaake.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- KDS-1830Ce0
- Outcome
- opaque endosperm with a central cavitye0
- Comparator
- Kitaakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“The "KDS-1830C" mutant displayed an opaque endosperm with a central cavity, in contrast to normal translucent endosperm of wild-type "Kitaake”
Claim · model-written summary
Scanning electron microscopy showed polygonal starch granules in Kitaake and irregularly shaped, rounded granules in KDS-1830C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDS-1830Ce0
- Outcome
- starch granule morphologiese0
- Comparator
- Kitaakee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed distinct starch granule morphologies with "Kitaake" grains exhibiting polygonal granules and "KDS-1830C" showing irregularly-shaped, rounded granules”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain width, thickness and weight differed significantly between KDS-1830C and wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain width, thickness, weighte0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Comparison of yield-related and starch physico-chemical traits revealed significant differences in grain width, thickness, weight, and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain protein content differed significantly between KDS-1830C and wild type.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Comparison of yield-related and starch physico-chemical traits revealed significant differences in grain width, thickness, weight, and protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
KDS-1830C had lower seed hardness.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDS-1830Ce0
- Outcome
- seed hardnesse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“with "KDS-1830C" having lower seed hardness”
Claim · model-written summary
QTL-seq identified a significant locus on chromosome 11 associated with the cavity phenotype.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- significant locus on chromosome 11e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“QTL-seq analysis identified a significant locus on chromosome 11 associated with the cavity phenotype”
Claim · model-written summary
A non-synonymous SNP in LOC_Os11g37560 was detected as the candidate causal mutation and is predicted to generate a premature stop codon.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- LOC_Os11g37560e0
- Outcome
- candidate causal mutatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“A non-synonymous SNP in the LOC_Os11g37560 gene was detected as the candidate causal mutation and is predicted to generate a premature stop codon”
Claim · model-written summary
Protein structure prediction suggests the nonsense mutation in KDS-1830C truncates a beta sheet, potentially impairing amylopectin binding and granule crystallization.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- KDS-1830Ce0
- Outcome
- truncated β sheet structuree0
- Qualifier
- potentially impairing amylopectin binding and granule crystallizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“rice”
e0“Protein structure prediction suggests that the nonsense mutation in "KDS-1830C" results in a truncated β sheet structure, potentially impairing amylopectin binding and granule crystallization”