Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to determine whether ectoine (ET), a bacterial compatible solute, can mitigate the adverse effects of nickel (Ni) toxicity in wheat plants. Treatments included 50 and 75 ppm Ni, with ET applied at 5 mM and 10 mM concentrations. Results showed that Ni stress significantly increased nickel accumulation in plant tissues (from 348 ppb in the control to 17.203 ppb under 50 ppm Ni), while reducing chlorophyll content from 1.38 to 1.01. However, application of 10 mM ET effectively ameliorated these effects by reducing nickel levels to 6.610 ppb (a 61.56% improvement) and increasing chlorophyll content from 1.01 to 1.22 (a 20.79% improvement). Nickel exposure also elevated oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Co-application of ET reduced these oxidative stress indicators and moderated enzyme activity, with 10 mM ET demonstrating the greatest protective effect. In the docking studies of ET with antioxidant enzymes, it was observed that ET exhibits a binding affinity ranging from − 6.3 to -4.6 kcal/mol. It was determined that a significant portion of ET interactions with antioxidant enzymes occurred with glutamine and lysine residues of these enzymes. These findings suggest that the role of ET as a compatible solute contributes to its ability to stabilize cellular structures, decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and enhance antioxidant defences, indicating its potential as an effective agent for alleviating heavy metal stress in plants.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel stress significantly increased nickel accumulation in wheat tissue from 348 ppb in the control to 17.203 ppb under 50 ppm Ni.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- 50 ppm Nie0
- Outcome
- nickel accumulation in plant tissuese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 17.203 ppbe0
- Qualifier
- 348 ppbe0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ni stress significantly increased nickel accumulation in plant tissues (from 348 ppb in the control to 17.203 ppb under 50 ppm Ni)”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel stress reduced wheat chlorophyll content from 1.38 to 1.01.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Ni stresse1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 1.01e0
- Qualifier
- 1.38e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while reducing chlorophyll content from 1.38 to 1.01”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“Ni stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nickel stress, 10 mM ectoine reduced wheat tissue nickel to 6.610 ppb, a reported 61.56% improvement.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 mM ETe0
- Outcome
- nickel levelse0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Value
- 6.610 ppbe0
- Qualifier
- 61.56% improvemente0
- Comparator
- Ni stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of 10 mM ET effectively ameliorated these effects by reducing nickel levels to 6.610 ppb (a 61.56% improvement)”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“Ni stress”
Claim · model-written summary
Under nickel stress, 10 mM ectoine increased wheat chlorophyll content from 1.01 to 1.22, a reported 20.79% improvement.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 mM ETe1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- increasinge0
- Value
- 1.22e0
- Qualifier
- 20.79% improvemente0
- Comparator
- Ni stresse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increasing chlorophyll content from 1.01 to 1.22 (a 20.79% improvement)”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“Ni stress significantly increased nickel accumulation in plant tissues (from 348 ppb in the control to 17.203 ppb under 50 ppm Ni), while reducing chlorophyll content from 1.38 to 1.01. However, application of 10 mM ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel exposure elevated hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde oxidative stress markers in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nickel exposuree0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- elevatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nickel exposure also elevated oxidative stress markers, such as hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Nickel exposure increased antioxidant enzyme activities in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Nickel exposuree1
- Outcome
- activities of antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“Nickel exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied ectoine reduced oxidative stress indicators in nickel stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-application of ETe0
- Outcome
- oxidative stress indicatorse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Nickel exposuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of ET reduced these oxidative stress indicators and moderated enzyme activity”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“Nickel exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Co-applied ectoine moderated antioxidant enzyme activity in nickel stressed wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Co-application of ETe0
- Outcome
- enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- moderatede0
- Comparator
- Nickel exposuree1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Co-application of ET reduced these oxidative stress indicators and moderated enzyme activity”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“Nickel exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
The 10 mM ectoine treatment showed the greatest protective effect against nickel stress in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 10 mM ETe0
- Outcome
- protective effecte0
- Direction
- greateste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“10 mM ET demonstrating the greatest protective effect”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Docking predicted ectoine binding to antioxidant enzymes with affinities from − 6.3 to -4.6 kcal/mol.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- antioxidant enzymese1
- Outcome
- binding affinitye0
- Value
- − 6.3 to -4.6 kcal/mole0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ET exhibits a binding affinity ranging from − 6.3 to -4.6 kcal/mol”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
e1“ET with antioxidant enzymes”
Claim · model-written summary
A significant portion of ectoine interactions with antioxidant enzymes involved glutamine and lysine residues.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- antioxidant enzymese0
- Outcome
- ET interactions with antioxidant enzymese0
- Qualifier
- glutamine and lysine residuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant portion of ET interactions with antioxidant enzymes occurred with glutamine and lysine residues of these enzymes”
t0“Ectoine Reduces Nickel Stress and Boosts Antioxidant Defences in Wheat”
The same questions in other papers
cobalt atom · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- positive
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →nickel atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →nickel atom · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →heavy metal · physiology: pigments · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- negative
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →heavy metal · physiology: oxidative · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
35 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
37 papers more in this group
See all 41 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.