Abstract
A persistent trade-off exists between yield gains and quality improvement, but achieving their synergistic enhancement is a critical challenge for modern agricultural production. Green manure has long been recognized for enhancing either grain yield or quality, yet its potential to simultaneously enhance both remains poorly understood. A 6-year field experiment was conducted in an arid irrigation area of northwestern China to examine whether green manure can simultaneously improve wheat grain yield and quality through increased mineral nitrogen supply and plant nitrogen assimilation. The experiment included two nitrogen rates (N1, 180 kg ha −1 and N0, no nitrogen), along with four green manure rates, namely fallow after wheat harvest (G0) and multiple cropping green manure after wheat harvest with incorporation rates of 15,000 kg ha −1 (G1), 30,000 kg ha −1 (G2), and 45,000 kg ha −1 (G3), respectively. Results showed that green manure strengthened the yield-increasing and stabilizing effects of chemical nitrogen, while also mitigating its limitations and improving overall wheat grain quality. These benefits became increasingly pronounced with increasing duration of green manure application. Compared to N1G0, N1G2 increased wheat grain yield, yield stability index, and the comprehensive evaluation index by 20.7%, 278.5%, and 86.1%, respectively. These improvements under N1G2 were mainly attributable to increased soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents of 24.4% and 22.4%, respectively. Furthermore, N1G2 enhanced nitrogen translocation and distribution to grains by 12.4% and 9.5%, respectively. It also increased the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, thereby promoting nitrogen assimilation capacity in grains. In arid irrigation areas, with the application of 180 kg ha −1 of chemical nitrogen, returning green manure at a rate of 30,000 kg ha −1 is a practical strategy to simultaneously improve wheat yield, yield stability, and grain quality.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-nd. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure strengthened nitrogen-related yield increase and stability.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- yield-increasing and stabilizing effectse0
- Direction
- strengthenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green manure strengthened the yield-increasing and stabilizing effects of chemical nitrogen”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure improved wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- green manuret0
- Outcome
- wheat grain qualitye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“improving overall wheat grain quality”
t0“green manure”
Claim · model-written summary
Benefits increased with green manure application duration.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- green manure applicatione0
- Outcome
- benefitse0
- Direction
- increasingly pronouncede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These benefits became increasingly pronounced with increasing duration of green manure application”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased wheat grain yield by 20.7% versus N1G0.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N1G2e0
- Outcome
- wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 20.7%e0
- Comparator
- N1G0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to N1G0, N1G2 increased wheat grain yield, yield stability index, and the comprehensive evaluation index by 20.7%, 278.5%, and 86.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased yield stability index by 278.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N1G2e0
- Outcome
- yield stability indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 278.5%e0
- Comparator
- N1G0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to N1G0, N1G2 increased wheat grain yield, yield stability index, and the comprehensive evaluation index by 20.7%, 278.5%, and 86.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased comprehensive evaluation index by 86.1%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- N1G2e0
- Outcome
- comprehensive evaluation indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 86.1%e0
- Comparator
- N1G0e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared to N1G0, N1G2 increased wheat grain yield, yield stability index, and the comprehensive evaluation index by 20.7%, 278.5%, and 86.1%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased soil nitrate by 24.4%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N1G2 were mainly attributable to increased soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents of 24.4% and 22.4%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased soil ammonium nitrogen by 22.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1G2e0
- Outcome
- ammonium nitrogen contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 22.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N1G2 were mainly attributable to increased soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents of 24.4% and 22.4%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased nitrogen translocation by 12.4%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1G2e0
- Outcome
- nitrogen translocatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 12.4%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N1G2 enhanced nitrogen translocation and distribution to grains by 12.4% and 9.5%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased nitrogen distribution to grains by 9.5%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- N1G2e0
- Outcome
- distribution to grainse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Value
- 9.5%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N1G2 enhanced nitrogen translocation and distribution to grains by 12.4% and 9.5%, respectively”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
N1G2 increased nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- green manuret0
- Outcome
- activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“It also increased the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase”
t0“wheat yield stability and grain quality through long-term green manure incorporation with chemical nitrogen fertilization”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend 30,000 kg ha −1 green manure with 180 kg ha −1 nitrogen.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- returning green manure at a rate of 30,000 kg ha −1e0
- Setting
- arid irrigation arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In arid irrigation areas, with the application of 180 kg ha −1 of chemical nitrogen, returning green manure at a rate of 30,000 kg ha −1 is a practical strategy to simultaneously improve wheat yield, yield stability, and grain quality”
The same questions in other papers
fertilization · quality: grain · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
118 papers in the same direction as this paper · 34 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- no effect
- negative
150 papers more in this group
See all 154 papers →fertilization · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
3,114 papers in the same direction as this paper · 284 in the opposite direction · 39 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,434 papers more in this group
See all 3,438 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.