Abstract
Mix-cropping green manure and reduced N improved nutrition production of wheat grain. Mix-cropping green manure (HCV) and reduced N increased nutrition and processing quality. HCV with reduced N by 20% enhanced N accumulation, remobilization, and assimilation. Ensuring the provision of adequate and nutritious food for humans through sustainable agricultural development poses a major challenge. Optimized nitrogen supply is one of the key factors to improve crop grain yield and quality. Green manure is often used to optimize nitrogen supply in crop production, but it is unclear whether green manure maintains grain yield and quality of spring wheat while reducing chemical nitrogen input. A split-plot field experiment of various varieties of green manure and mixed cropping green manure was established in an arid area since 2018. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of mixed common vetch and hairy vetch, which could simultaneously maintain high nutrition production and grain quality of spring wheat to reduce chemical nitrogen input and reveal the mechanism of nitrogen metabolism. We discussed the effects of green manure and reduced chemical nitrogen on nutrition yields, amino acid contents, vitamin B contents, mineral contents, and processing quality of spring wheat grain, as well as nitrogen accumulation, remobilization, and assimilation from 2020 to 2022. Our results showed that reduced chemical nitrogen input decreased nutrition production, but green manure could increase protein and starch yields of wheat grain. HCVN2 (mixed hairy vetch and common vetch under 20% nitrogen reduction) displayed higher protein and starch yields, which increased by 35.9 and 16.2% compared to fallow after wheat harvest and conventional nitrogen application (FN3). Meanwhile, reduced chemical nitrogen decreased wheat grain quality, but green manure improved wheat grain quality. HCVN2 had higher wheat grain quality, which improved by 13.2 and 10.0% in essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid contents, enhanced by 20.0 and 22.2% in vitamin B and zinc contents, and increased by 14.0 and 8.6% in falling number and wet gluten compared to FN3, respectively. HCVN2 could simultaneously improve the nutritional production and quality of wheat grain. This was attributed to significantly increasing nitrogen accumulation and distribution in grain, enhancing the contribution rate of leaf, stem-sheath, and cob-glume nitrogen to grain nitrogen, and promoting the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase, respectively. Therefore, mixed sown green manure under reduced chemical nitrogen by 20% was promising for improving nutrition production and quality of spring wheat grain by promoting nitrogen accumulation, remobilization, and assimilation.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical nitrogen decreased wheat nutrition production.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“reduced chemical nitrogen input decreased nutrition production”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure increased wheat grain protein and starch yields.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- protein and starch yields of wheat graine0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green manure could increase protein and starch yields of wheat grain”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 increased protein yield by 35.9% relative to FN3.
- Treatment
- HCVN2 (mixed hairy vetch and common vetch under 20% nitrogen reduction)e0
- Outcome
- proteine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 35.9e0
- Comparator
- fallow after wheat harvest and conventional nitrogen application (FN3)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“HCVN2 (mixed hairy vetch and common vetch under 20% nitrogen reduction) displayed higher protein and starch yields, which increased by 35.9 and 16.2% compared to fallow after wheat harvest and conventional nitrogen application (FN3)”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 increased starch yield by 16.2% relative to FN3.
- Treatment
- HCVN2 (mixed hairy vetch and common vetch under 20% nitrogen reduction)e0
- Outcome
- starch yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16.2%e0
- Comparator
- fallow after wheat harvest and conventional nitrogen application (FN3)e0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“HCVN2 (mixed hairy vetch and common vetch under 20% nitrogen reduction) displayed higher protein and starch yields, which increased by 35.9 and 16.2% compared to fallow after wheat harvest and conventional nitrogen application (FN3)”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced chemical nitrogen decreased wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- reduced chemical nitrogene0
- Outcome
- wheat grain qualitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduced chemical nitrogen decreased wheat grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
Green manure improved wheat grain quality.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- green manuree0
- Outcome
- wheat grain qualitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“green manure improved wheat grain quality”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 improved essential amino acid content by 13.2% versus FN3.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- HCVN2e0
- Outcome
- essential amino acide0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Value
- 13.2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“HCVN2 had higher wheat grain quality, which improved by 13.2 and 10.0% in essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 improved non-essential amino acid content by 10.0% versus FN3.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“improved by 13.2 and 10.0% in essential amino acid and non-essential amino acid contents”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 increased vitamin B content by 20.0%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“enhanced by 20.0 and 22.2% in vitamin B and zinc contents”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 increased zinc content by 22.2%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparator
Verbatim
e0“enhanced by 20.0 and 22.2% in vitamin B and zinc contents”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 increased falling number by 14.0%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“increased by 14.0 and 8.6% in falling number and wet gluten compared to FN3”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 increased wet gluten by 8.6%.
Not reportedTaxonTreatment
Verbatim
e0“increased by 14.0 and 8.6% in falling number and wet gluten compared to FN3”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 significantly increased nitrogen accumulation and distribution in grain.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“significantly increasing nitrogen accumulation and distribution in grain”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 enhanced nitrogen contribution from leaf, stem-sheath and cob-glume to grain.
- Outcome
- contribution rate of leaf, stem-sheath, and cob-glume nitrogen to grain nitrogene0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“enhancing the contribution rate of leaf, stem-sheath, and cob-glume nitrogen to grain nitrogen”
Claim · model-written summary
HCVN2 promoted nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase activities.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“promoting the activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed green manure with 20% less chemical nitrogen was recommended for wheat grain nutrition and quality.
- Taxon
- spring wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- mixed sown green manure under reduced chemical nitrogen by 20% was promising for improving nutrition production and quality of spring wheat graine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mixed sown green manure under reduced chemical nitrogen by 20% was promising for improving nutrition production and quality of spring wheat grain”
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