Abstract
Pre-sowing treatment of cultivated legume seeds with nodule bacteria preparations is a standard agronomic practice. This is particularly important in soybean cultivation, as effective microsymbionts of soybeans are often absent from the soil. However, as many studies have shown, the efficacy of biopreparations depends largely on the survival of rhizobial cells on seeds during drying. In this study, we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence). The experiments evaluated several parameters: inoculant concentrations (10 and 100 %), drying temperatures (5, 15, and 25 °C), and protective polymer-carbohydrate formulations. The experiments revealed that the soybean variety had no noticeable effect on the viability of the studied rhizobial strains, while the strains themselves differed significantly in this regard. The RZ300 strain demonstrated the highest resistance to drying on soybean seeds. A comparative genomic analysis of this strain and the less resistant B. japonicum strain 634b revealed the presence of the opgC gene in the RZ300 strain (encodes the ОpgC protein involved in the biosynthesis of osmoregulated periplasmic glucans (OPGs)). This gene is absent in strain 634b and may potentially determine the increased resistance of nodule bacteria to drying on seeds. An evaluation of various protective formulations demonstrated that formulations based on 50 % sucrose provide the best protection, with rhizobia showing the highest resistance to drying at +5 °C. The results obtained in this study can be used both in the selection of effective inoculant strains and for providing technological support in the development of biological products. The genomic data support the development of genetic screening systems to identify promising strains and the potential introduction of the opgC gene into promising rhizobial strains to improve their manufacturability, i. e. to enable effective early seed inoculation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
The soybean variety had no noticeable effect on the viability of rhizobial strains on seeds
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Material
- EN Argenta, Bara and Prudencee0
- Outcome
- viability of the studied rhizobial strainse1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e1“The experiments revealed that the soybean variety had no noticeable effect on the viability of the studied rhizobial strains, while the strains themselves differed significantly in this regard”
Claim · model-written summary
The rhizobial strains differed significantly in viability on soybean seeds
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont - Outcome
- viabilitye1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e1“The experiments revealed that the soybean variety had no noticeable effect on the viability of the studied rhizobial strains, while the strains themselves differed significantly in this regard”
Claim · model-written summary
RZ300 showed the highest resistance to drying on soybean seeds
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Material
- RZ300e2
- Organ / stage
- seedse2
- Outcome
- resistance to dryinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The RZ300 strain demonstrated the highest resistance to drying on soybean seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The opgC gene is present in strain RZ300 and absent in strain 634b
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- RZ300e3
- Gene
- opgCe3
- Outcome
- presence of the opgC genee3
- Qualifier
- absent in strain 634be4
- Comparator
- 634be3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e3“A comparative genomic analysis of this strain and the less resistant B. japonicum strain 634b revealed the presence of the opgC gene in the RZ300 strain”
e4“This gene is absent in strain 634b and may potentially determine the increased resistance of nodule bacteria to drying on seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
The opgC gene may determine the increased resistance of nodule bacteria to drying on seeds
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- opgCe3
- Outcome
- increased resistance of nodule bacteria to drying on seedse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e3“A comparative genomic analysis of this strain and the less resistant B. japonicum strain 634b revealed the presence of the opgC gene in the RZ300 strain”
e4“This gene is absent in strain 634b and may potentially determine the increased resistance of nodule bacteria to drying on seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Formulations based on 50 % sucrose gave higher protection than various protective formulations
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- formulations based on 50 % sucrosee5
- Outcome
- protectione5
- Direction
- higherinferrede5
- Comparator
- various protective formulationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e5“An evaluation of various protective formulations demonstrated that formulations based on 50 % sucrose provide the best protection, with rhizobia showing the highest resistance to drying at +5 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Rhizobia showed the highest resistance to drying at +5 °C
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- drying at +5 °Ce5
- Interactor
- rhizobiae5symbiont
- Outcome
- resistance to dryinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e5“An evaluation of various protective formulations demonstrated that formulations based on 50 % sucrose provide the best protection, with rhizobia showing the highest resistance to drying at +5 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Introducing the opgC gene into promising rhizobial strains may improve their manufacturability
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- opgCe6
- Outcome
- manufacturabilitye6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e6“the potential introduction of the opgC gene into promising rhizobial strains to improve their manufacturability”
Claim · model-written summary
Genomic data support genetic screening systems to identify promising strains
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- genetic screening systems to identify promising strainse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e7“The genomic data support the development of genetic screening systems to identify promising strains”
Claim · model-written summary
The results can be used in the selection of effective inoculant strains
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- selection of effective inoculant strainse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we analyzed the viability of three production strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Kirchner (634b, 640 and RZ300) on soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds of various origins (varieties: EN Argenta, Bara and Prudence)”
e1“The results obtained in this study can be used both in the selection of effective inoculant strains and for providing technological support in the development of biological products”