Abstract
Pathogenesis-related 1 (PR1) proteins are important components of plant defense and stress responses and also serve as precursors of CAP-derived peptides (CAPE), a class of small bioactive peptides involved in immune and stress signaling. Despite their potential biological significance, CAPE-producing PR1 genes have not been systematically characterized in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). In this study, a genome-wide analysis identified 17 CAPE-producing PR1 genes, designated NtCAPE1 to NtCAPE17, in the tobacco genome. These genes encode proteins containing conserved CAP domains and N-terminal signal peptides, with predicted hydrophilic properties and mainly vacuolar localization, indicating conserved structural features within the family. Phylogenetic analysis, gene structure organization, conserved motif profiling, chromosomal distribution, and synteny analyses revealed both evolutionary conservation and duplication-driven diversification of the NtCAPE family. Promoter cis-element analysis showed enrichment of regulatory elements associated with phytohormone signaling, development, and stress responses. Public transcriptomic datasets revealed dynamic and gene-specific expression patterns under water-deficit and salinity stress, and qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed the stress-responsive expression of selected NtCAPE genes. Functional assays using synthetic mature peptides showed that NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing, improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively. These results provide a comprehensive characterization of CAPE-producing PR1 genes in tobacco and identify NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 as candidate stress-associated peptides with exogenous activity under salinity and osmotic stress conditions.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
A genome-wide analysis identified 17 CAPE-producing PR1 genes (NtCAPE1 to NtCAPE17) in tobacco.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Gene
- NtCAPE1 to NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- CAPE-producing PR1 genese1
- Value
- 17e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“a genome-wide analysis identified 17 CAPE-producing PR1 genes, designated NtCAPE1 to NtCAPE17, in the tobacco genome”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE family members show evolutionary conservation and duplication-driven diversification.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- NtCAPE familye1
- Outcome
- evolutionary conservation and duplication-driven diversificatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“Phylogenetic analysis, gene structure organization, conserved motif profiling, chromosomal distribution, and synteny analyses revealed both evolutionary conservation and duplication-driven diversification of the NtCAPE family”
Claim · model-written summary
Promoter cis-elements are enriched for phytohormone, development and stress-response elements.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- regulatory elementse1
- Qualifier
- phytohormone signaling, development, and stress responsese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“Promoter cis-element analysis showed enrichment of regulatory elements associated with phytohormone signaling, development, and stress responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Public transcriptomic data show dynamic, gene-specific NtCAPE expression under water-deficit and salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- water-deficit and salinity stresse1
- Outcome
- dynamic and gene-specific expression patternse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“Public transcriptomic datasets revealed dynamic and gene-specific expression patterns under water-deficit and salinity stress”
Claim · model-written summary
qRT-PCR confirmed stress-responsive expression of selected NtCAPE genes.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Gene
- selected NtCAPE genese1
- Outcome
- stress-responsive expressione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“qRT-PCR analysis further confirmed the stress-responsive expression of selected NtCAPE genes”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress-induced leaf yellowing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salinity stresse1
- Gene
- NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- leaf yellowinge1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse1
- Gene
- NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- leaf yellowinge1
- Direction
- alleviatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 improved chlorophyll retention under salinity and osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salinity and osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll retentione2
- Direction
- improvede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
e2“improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 suppressed senescence-associated responses under salinity and osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salinity and osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- senescence-associated responsese2
- Direction
- suppressede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
e2“improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity under salinity and osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salinity and osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- H2O2 accumulation and POD activitye2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
e2“improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 modulated stress-responsive gene expression under salinity and osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salinity and osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- stress-responsive gene expressione2
- Direction
- modulatede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
e2“improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE9 promoted seed germination under salinity stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- salinitye2
- Gene
- NtCAPE9e1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
e2“improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
NtCAPE17 promoted seed germination under osmotic stress.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana tabacumNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- osmotic stresse2
- Gene
- NtCAPE17e1
- Outcome
- seed germinatione2
- Direction
- promotede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“in Nicotiana tabacum”
e1“NtCAPE9 and NtCAPE17 alleviated salinity stress- and osmotic stress-induced leaf yellowing”
e2“improved chlorophyll retention, suppressed senescence-associated responses, reduced H2O2 accumulation and POD activity, modulated stress-responsive gene expression, and promoted seed germination under salinity and osmotic stress, respectively”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.