Abstract
Growth of tobacco cells at the logarithmic phase was inhibited after treatment with both AlCl3 and FeSO4 in modified Murashige-Skoog medium prepared without Pi and EDTA at pH 5.0 for up to 20 h, whereas cells treated with either AlCl3 or FeSO4 (at concentrations up to 100 μM, respectively) grew normally. These results suggest the synergistic inhibition of growth by Al3+ and Fe2+ ions. During the exposure to both salts, there was a lag time of about 10 h before growth inhibition became apparent in cultures of cells upon treatment with the two salts together. Then the extent of inhibition increased and reached a maximum value after exposure for 18 h. After the lag period, cells treated with both salts, but not cells treated with either salt alone, exhibited significant increases in the amounts of both aluminum and iron in the cells and could be stained with hematoxylin, with the nuclei staining especially strongly. Cells treated with both salts also exhibited a decrease in the number of cells that could be plasmolyzed in 1 M mannitol, a decrease in the number of cells that could be stained with fluorescein diacetate, a decrease in the amount of potassium in cells, and an increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that aluminum causes the peroxidation of lipids in the presence of iron and that lipid peroxidation alters the permeability of the plasma membrane and leads to cell death.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Combined AlCl3 and FeSO4 inhibited tobacco cell growth.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- both AlCl3 and FeSO4e0
- Outcome
- Growth of tobacco cellse0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Comparator
- either AlCl3 or FeSO4e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Growth of tobacco cells at the logarithmic phase was inhibited after treatment with both AlCl3 and FeSO4”
e1“cells treated with either AlCl3 or FeSO4 (at concentrations up to 100 μM, respectively) grew normally”
Claim · model-written summary
Either salt alone allowed normal tobacco cell growth up to 100 μM.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- either AlCl3 or FeSO4 (at concentrations up to 100 μM, respectively)e0
- Outcome
- grew normallye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cells treated with either AlCl3 or FeSO4 (at concentrations up to 100 μM, respectively) grew normally”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth inhibition appeared after a lag of about 10 h.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Value
- about 10 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a lag time of about 10 h before growth inhibition became apparent”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth inhibition reached a maximum after 18 h.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- extent of inhibitione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 18 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the extent of inhibition increased and reached a maximum value after exposure for 18 h”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salts significantly increased aluminum and iron amounts in cells after the lag.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- both saltse0
- Outcome
- amounts of both aluminum and iron in the cellse0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Comparator
- either salt alonee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cells treated with both salts, but not cells treated with either salt alone, exhibited significant increases in the amounts of both aluminum and iron in the cells”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salt treated cells stained with hematoxylin, especially in nuclei.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- nucleie0
- Outcome
- stained with hematoxyline0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“could be stained with hematoxylin, with the nuclei staining especially strongly”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salts decreased the number of plasmolyzable cells.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- both saltse0
- Outcome
- number of cells that could be plasmolyzed in 1 M mannitole0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cells treated with both salts also exhibited a decrease in the number of cells that could be plasmolyzed in 1 M mannitol”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salts decreased the number of cells stained by fluorescein diacetate.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- both saltse0
- Outcome
- number of cells that could be stained with fluorescein diacetatee0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cells treated with both salts also exhibited a decrease in the number of cells that could be plasmolyzed in 1 M mannitol, a decrease in the number of cells that could be stained with fluorescein diacetate”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salts decreased cellular potassium.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- both saltse0
- Outcome
- amount of potassium in cellse0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cells treated with both salts also exhibited a decrease in the number of cells that could be plasmolyzed in 1 M mannitol, a decrease in the number of cells that could be stained with fluorescein diacetate, a decrease in the amount of potassium in cells”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salts increased lipid peroxidation.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- both saltse0
- Outcome
- extent of lipid peroxidatione0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cells treated with both salts also exhibited a decrease in the number of cells that could be plasmolyzed in 1 M mannitol, a decrease in the number of cells that could be stained with fluorescein diacetate, a decrease in the amount of potassium in cells, and an increase in the extent of lipid peroxidation”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that aluminum with iron causes lipid peroxidation, permeability change and cell death.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Qualifier
- lipid peroxidation alters the permeability of the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“aluminum causes the peroxidation of lipids in the presence of iron and that lipid peroxidation alters the permeability of the plasma membrane and leads to cell death”
t0“Tobacco”
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See all 10 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.