Abstract
Root growth angle is a key determinant of root system architecture, nutrient capture efficiency and therefore yield. Yet the mechanisms governing non-vertical growth in cereal roots remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated if cereal roots maintain Gravitropic Setpoint Angles (GSAs) and the hormonal regulatory processes underpinning GSA maintenance in cereals. Firstly, we found that both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement, consistent with true GSA maintenance. Next, we show that removal of a stable reference to gravity through clinorotation resulted in a characteristic outward curvature in all root types, indicating the presence of an antigravitropic offset similar to that described in Arabidopsis. Exogenous auxin treatment induced steeper rooting in both species, suggesting conserved hormonal regulatory mechanisms of GSA in both monocots and dicots. Interestingly, lateral root GSAs displayed species-specific differences: wheat laterals returned to their GSAs more effectively than rice laterals, which showed slower and incomplete responses. Together, these findings establish that cereal roots maintain GSAs through gravity-dependent and auxin-regulated mechanisms, providing a novel framework for understanding and manipulating root system architecture in monocot crops.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat seminal roots return toward their original growth angles after displacement
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Organ / stage
- seminal rootse1
- Outcome
- return toward their original growth anglese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice crown roots return toward their original growth angles after displacement
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Organ / stage
- crown rootse1
- Outcome
- return toward their original growth anglese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement”
Claim · model-written summary
Clinorotation, which removes a stable gravity reference, gives wheat roots an outward curvature
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- clinorotatione2
- Outcome
- characteristic outward curvaturee2
- Comparator
- a stable reference to gravitye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement”
e2“removal of a stable reference to gravity through clinorotation resulted in a characteristic outward curvature in all root types”
Claim · model-written summary
Clinorotation, which removes a stable gravity reference, gives rice roots an outward curvature
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- clinorotatione2
- Outcome
- characteristic outward curvaturee2
- Comparator
- a stable reference to gravitye2
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement”
e2“removal of a stable reference to gravity through clinorotation resulted in a characteristic outward curvature in all root types”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous auxin makes wheat roots steeper
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Exogenous auxine3
- Outcome
- steeper rootinge3
- Direction
- steepere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement”
e3“Exogenous auxin treatment induced steeper rooting in both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous auxin makes rice roots steeper
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- Exogenous auxine3
- Outcome
- steeper rootinge3
- Direction
- steepere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“both wheat seminal roots and rice crown roots actively return toward their original growth angles following displacement”
e3“Exogenous auxin treatment induced steeper rooting in both species”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat lateral roots return to their GSAs more effectively than rice laterals
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume4
- Organ / stage
- lateralse4
- Outcome
- returned to their GSAse4
- Direction
- more effectivelye4
- Comparator
- rice lateralse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“wheat laterals returned to their GSAs more effectively than rice laterals”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice lateral roots show slower and incomplete responses
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae5
- Organ / stage
- lateralse5
- Outcome
- responsese5
- Qualifier
- slower and incompletee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“rice laterals, which showed slower and incomplete responses”
Claim · model-written summary
Cereal roots maintain GSAs through gravity-dependent and auxin-regulated mechanisms
Verbatim
e6“Together, these findings establish that cereal roots maintain GSAs through gravity-dependent and auxin-regulated mechanisms”