Abstract
Abstract Background Alfalfa is one of the most important forage crops in the world, and its performance is significantly affected by salt stress. Although plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can alleviate salt stress, their colonization in the rhizosphere is often compromised by high salinity. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) not only enhance the stress resilience of PGPR but also directly improve plant salt tolerance. Consequently, a thorough investigation of the synergistic effects between EPS and PGPR is of significant theoretical and practical importance for developing advanced microbial fertilizers. Methods To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we applied salt stress using NaCl and introduced EPS isolated from Erwinia persicina strain Cp2 (Cp2‐EPS). The effects of co‐inoculation of Cp2‐EPS alone and Bacillus DN2 on the growth and salt tolerance of alfalfa were investigated. Results Pot experiments demonstrated that co‐inoculation exerted stronger effects than single treatments, with Cp2‐EPS showing a more pronounced impact than DN2 alone. The alfalfa seedlings after combined inoculation showed increased photosynthesis and greater accumulation of osmotic substances, such as proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins. Increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase effectively reduced cell membrane damage, enhanced the ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species, and alleviated oxidative stress symptoms in plant cells. The colonization density of DN2 in the alfalfa rhizosphere from the co‐inoculation was significantly higher than that in the single DN2 inoculation. Conclusions Alfalfa salt tolerance and productivity were synergistically enhanced by Cp2‐EPS through its promotion of Bacillus DN2 colonization and persistence in the rhizosphere.
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Claims 4
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation increased proline, soluble sugar and soluble protein accumulation.
- Taxon
- alfalfa
Medicago sativae0 - Treatment
- combined inoculatione0
- Outcome
- accumulation of osmotic substances, such as proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteinse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The alfalfa seedlings after combined inoculation showed increased photosynthesis and greater accumulation of osmotic substances, such as proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined inoculation significantly increased DN2 colonization density over DN2 inoculation alone.
- Taxon
- alfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- co‐inoculatione0
- Interactor
- DN2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- colonization density of DN2e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- single DN2 inoculatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The colonization density of DN2 in the alfalfa rhizosphere from the co‐inoculation was significantly higher than that in the single DN2 inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
Cp2-EPS synergistically enhanced alfalfa salt tolerance through Bacillus DN2 colonization.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Cp2‐EPSe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus DN2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- salt tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa salt tolerance and productivity were synergistically enhanced by Cp2‐EPS through its promotion of Bacillus DN2 colonization and persistence in the rhizosphere”
Claim · model-written summary
Cp2-EPS synergistically enhanced alfalfa productivity through Bacillus DN2 colonization.
- Taxon
- AlfalfaMedicago sativae0
- Treatment
- Cp2‐EPSe0
- Interactor
- Bacillus DN2e0symbiont
- Outcome
- productivitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Alfalfa salt tolerance and productivity were synergistically enhanced by Cp2‐EPS through its promotion of Bacillus DN2 colonization and persistence in the rhizosphere”
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