Abstract
Nitrogen level significantly impacts rice resistance to the brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens). Yet, the mechanisms underlying nitrogen level-mediated rice BPH resistance remain largely unclear. Here, we found that, relative to medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditions, low nitrogen (LN) suppressed rice growth but enhanced plant resistance to BPH, as evidenced by reduced nymph biomass, decreased phloem ingestion and lower fecundity. Biochemical and transcriptome analyses revealed that compared to MN and HN plants, LN plants exhibited significantly higher basal and/or BPH-induced levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose), and certain flavonoids but lower levels of phenolamides. Moreover, the relative water content (RWC) and total amino acid concentrations were significantly lower in LN plants compared with those in MN and HN plants. Impairing the signalling pathway mediated by ABA but not SA in rice abolished the basal and/or BPH-induced accumulation of defence compounds (cell wall components and certain flavonoids) in plants and plant resistance to BPH. The results demonstrate that the ABA signalling pathway, together with reduced RWC and total amino acid concentrations in plants caused by LN conditions, plays an important role in regulating the LN-mediated rice resistance to BPH.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen suppressed rice growth relative to medium and high nitrogen.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- low nitrogen (LN)e0
- Outcome
- rice growthe0
- Direction
- suppressede0
- Comparator
- medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative to medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditions, low nitrogen (LN) suppressed rice growth but enhanced plant resistance to BPH, as evidenced by reduced nymph biomass, decreased phloem ingestion and lower fecundity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen enhanced rice resistance to BPH.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen (LN)e0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- plant resistance to BPHe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative to medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditions, low nitrogen (LN) suppressed rice growth but enhanced plant resistance to BPH, as evidenced by reduced nymph biomass, decreased phloem ingestion and lower fecundity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen reduced BPH nymph biomass.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen (LN)e0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- nymph biomasse0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative to medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditions, low nitrogen (LN) suppressed rice growth but enhanced plant resistance to BPH, as evidenced by reduced nymph biomass, decreased phloem ingestion and lower fecundity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen decreased BPH phloem ingestion.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen (LN)e0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- phloem ingestione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative to medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditions, low nitrogen (LN) suppressed rice growth but enhanced plant resistance to BPH, as evidenced by reduced nymph biomass, decreased phloem ingestion and lower fecundity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen lowered BPH fecundity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- low nitrogen (LN)e0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“relative to medium nitrogen (MN) and high nitrogen (HN) conditions, low nitrogen (LN) suppressed rice growth but enhanced plant resistance to BPH, as evidenced by reduced nymph biomass, decreased phloem ingestion and lower fecundity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen raised basal or BPH induced ABA and SA levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LN plantse0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MN and HN plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to MN and HN plants, LN plants exhibited significantly higher basal and/or BPH-induced levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose), and certain flavonoids but lower levels of phenolamides.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen raised basal or BPH induced lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LN plantse0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MN and HN plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to MN and HN plants, LN plants exhibited significantly higher basal and/or BPH-induced levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose), and certain flavonoids but lower levels of phenolamides.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen raised levels of certain flavonoids.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LN plantse0
- Outcome
- certain flavonoidse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- MN and HN plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to MN and HN plants, LN plants exhibited significantly higher basal and/or BPH-induced levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose), and certain flavonoids but lower levels of phenolamides.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen lowered phenolamide levels.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LN plantse0
- Outcome
- levels of phenolamidese0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- MN and HN plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“compared to MN and HN plants, LN plants exhibited significantly higher basal and/or BPH-induced levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA), cell wall components (lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose), and certain flavonoids but lower levels of phenolamides.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen significantly lowered rice relative water content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LN plantse0
- Outcome
- relative water content (RWC)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- MN and HN plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative water content (RWC) and total amino acid concentrations were significantly lower in LN plants compared with those in MN and HN plants.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Low nitrogen significantly lowered total amino acid concentrations.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- LN plantse0
- Outcome
- total amino acid concentrationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- MN and HN plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the relative water content (RWC) and total amino acid concentrations were significantly lower in LN plants compared with those in MN and HN plants.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting ABA signaling abolished basal or induced defence compound accumulation.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Impairing the signalling pathway mediated by ABAe0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- accumulation of defence compounds (cell wall components and certain flavonoids)e0
- Direction
- abolishede0
- Comparator
- SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Impairing the signalling pathway mediated by ABA but not SA in rice abolished the basal and/or BPH-induced accumulation of defence compounds (cell wall components and certain flavonoids) in plants and plant resistance to BPH.”
Claim · model-written summary
Disrupting ABA signaling abolished rice resistance to BPH.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Impairing the signalling pathway mediated by ABAe0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Outcome
- plant resistance to BPHe0
- Direction
- abolishede0
- Comparator
- SAe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Impairing the signalling pathway mediated by ABA but not SA in rice abolished the basal and/or BPH-induced accumulation of defence compounds (cell wall components and certain flavonoids) in plants and plant resistance to BPH.”
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