Abstract
Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation, which was imposed either through conventional deficit irrigation (DI) or a newly evolving irrigation technique, called partial root drying (PRD), was investigated. The PRD practice simply requires wetting of one half of the rooting zone and leaving the other half dry, thereby utilising reduced amount of irrigation water applied. The wetted and dry sides are interchanged in the subsequent irrigations. Six irrigation treatments were tested: (1) TR, traditional farmers’ method of irrigation where irrigation management was left to the full control of a grower; (2) FULL irrigation where the full amount of irrigation water (60% Class-A pan evaporation) was applied to the both halves of tree-root zone; (3) 1PRD30 and (4) 1PRD50, 30 and 50% reduced amount of irrigation water, compared respectively to FULL irrigation, was applied alternately on each half side of the tree rows, and the irrigated side was changed every irrigation; (5) 2PRD50, 50% reduced amount of irrigation water was applied on each half side of the tree rows, and the irrigated side was changed every other irrigation; (6) DI50, conventional deficit irrigation where 50% reduced amount of irrigation water, compared to FULL irrigation, was applied to the both halves of the tree-root zone, similar to FULL irrigation. A randomised complete block experiment design with 6 replicates, 4 trees each, was used. The orchard had 6-year-old trees, planted in 5-m rows of a parallelogram arrangement. A drip irrigation system with 2 laterals, laid along the tree rows with trees located 1.2 m midway between the laterals, was used. The drippers with 4 l h-1 discharge rate and 75-cm spacing formed 50-cm wide wet bands during irrigation, along the laterals underneath the tree rows. The yield within the range of 36 to 37 tons ha-1 was the highest and obtained under the traditional practice (TR) of irrigation where, however, more than double the amount of irrigation water was applied, compared to the control, FULL irrigation. The yield reduction under FULL irrigation was only marginal (10% to 14%), with, however, more than a 2-fold increase of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), compared to TR. The treatment 1PRD30 yielded 30.6 and 27.7 tons ha-1 in 2001 and 2002, respectively, and followed the yield of control, FULL irrigation treatment. No yield benefit was obtained with the treatment of 2PRD50, which produced the lowest fruit yield, next to the conventional deficit irrigation treatment (DI50). The ranking of fruit-yields, TR>FULL>1PRD30>1PRD50, was maintained over the 2 seasons, 2001 and 2002, although the differences were marginal and not statistically significant (P
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Traditional farmers’ irrigation gave the highest yield of 36 to 37 tons ha-1, with more than double the irrigation water of the FULL control.
- Taxon
- Citrus reticulata
.jpg?width=60)
Citrus reticulatae0 - Material
- cv. Marisole0
- Treatment
- traditional practice (TR) of irrigatione1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 36 to 37 tons ha-1e1
- Comparator
- control, FULL irrigatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation”
e1“The yield within the range of 36 to 37 tons ha-1 was the highest and obtained under the traditional practice (TR) of irrigation where, however, more than double the amount of irrigation water was applied, compared to the control, FULL irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Yield reduction under FULL irrigation relative to TR was only marginal, at 10% to 14%.
- Taxon
- Citrus reticulataCitrus reticulatae0
- Material
- cv. Marisole0
- Treatment
- FULL irrigatione2
- Outcome
- yielde2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Value
- 10% to 14%e2
- Qualifier
- only marginale2
- Comparator
- TRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation”
e2“The yield reduction under FULL irrigation was only marginal (10% to 14%), with, however, more than a 2-fold increase of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), compared to TR”
Claim · model-written summary
FULL irrigation more than doubled irrigation water use efficiency compared with TR.
- Taxon
- Citrus reticulataCitrus reticulatae0
- Material
- cv. Marisole0
- Treatment
- FULL irrigatione2
- Outcome
- irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE)e2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- more than a 2-folde2
- Comparator
- TRe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation”
e2“The yield reduction under FULL irrigation was only marginal (10% to 14%), with, however, more than a 2-fold increase of irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), compared to TR”
Claim · model-written summary
1PRD30 yield followed that of the FULL irrigation control, at 30.6 and 27.7 tons ha-1 in 2001 and 2002.
- Taxon
- Citrus reticulataCitrus reticulatae0
- Material
- cv. Marisole0
- Treatment
- 1PRD30e3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- followede3
- Value
- 30.6 and 27.7 tons ha-1e3
- Comparator
- control, FULL irrigation treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation”
e3“The treatment 1PRD30 yielded 30.6 and 27.7 tons ha-1 in 2001 and 2002, respectively, and followed the yield of control, FULL irrigation treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
2PRD50 produced the lowest fruit yield, next to the conventional deficit irrigation treatment DI50.
- Taxon
- Citrus reticulataCitrus reticulatae0
- Material
- cv. Marisole0
- Treatment
- 2PRD50e4
- Outcome
- fruit yielde4
- Direction
- loweste4
- Comparator
- conventional deficit irrigation treatment (DI50)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation”
e4“No yield benefit was obtained with the treatment of 2PRD50, which produced the lowest fruit yield, next to the conventional deficit irrigation treatment (DI50)”
Claim · model-written summary
2PRD50 gave no yield benefit.
- Taxon
- Citrus reticulataCitrus reticulatae0
- Material
- cv. Marisole0
- Treatment
- 2PRD50e4
- Outcome
- yield benefite4
- Direction
- No yield benefite4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit yield response of a mandarin (Citrus reticulata cv. Marisol) orchard to deficit irrigation”
e4“No yield benefit was obtained with the treatment of 2PRD50, which produced the lowest fruit yield, next to the conventional deficit irrigation treatment (DI50)”
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See all 9 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.