Abstract
Control strategies for controlling apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) include the use of highly active compounds with good protective (pre-symptoms) and curative (post-infection) activity. Among others, demethylation inhibitors (DMI), primarily triazoles, have been successfully used due to their outstanding after-infection control activity. In this study, the pre-infection and curative (after infection activity and post-symptom activity) control activities of (mg·L-1) cyproconazole (54), epoxyconazole (38), myclobutanil (60), and triflumizole (90) were studied. Our results corroborate previous reports indicating that DMI fungicides have strong after-infection activity, which was estimated in 96 h after the inoculation. Captan (2195 mg·L-1), included as control, provided a good control only when it was applied 24 h after inoculation. In contrast to captan, DMI fungicides were weak protectants, given 3-4 days of protection, while a 7- day protection period was obtained with captan. Cyproconazole (43 mg·L-1), epoxyconazole (30 mg·L-1), myclobutanil (48 mg·L-1), and triflumizole (72 mg·L-1) were weak in post-symptom activity, estimated by the degree of conidial germination after 10 to 12 days of treatment. In contrast, a significant post-symptom activity was obtained with 1120 mg·L-1 of captan and 390 mg·L-1 of dodine, but no effect was obtained with 1600 mg·L-1 of mancozeb. The addition of an adjuvant (Citowett, 20 ml·100L-1) significantly improved the post symptom activity of captan and dodine.Las estrategias de control de la sarna del manzano (Venturia inaequalis) consideran el uso de fungicidas con una alta accion preventiva (accion de pre-infeccion) y uso de fungicidas con una excelente accion curativa erradicante (accion retroactiva de post-infeccion). Los fungicidas inhibidores de esteroles (IBE), particularmente los triazoles, se han utilizado ampliamente debido a la excelente accion curativa erradicante que se estima entre 72 y 96 h post-infeccion. En este trabajo, se estudio la accion preventiva y la accion curativa (curativa erradicante y accion de post-sintomas) de los siguientes fungicidas: cyproconazol (54 mg·L-1), epoxyconazol (38 mg·L-1), miclobutanil (60 mg·L-1), y triflumizol (90 mg·L-1). Los resultados obtenidos corroboraron la potente accion curativa erradicante de los fungicidas IBE, la que en este trabajo fue de 96 h medidas desde la inoculacion. Captan (2195 mg·L-1), controlo satisfactoriamente V. inaequalis solo al aplicarlo 24 h despues de la inoculacion. A diferencia de captan, los fungicidas IBE tuvieron una debil accion preventiva, de 3 a 4 dias, mientras que captan protegio satisfactoriamente el cultivo por 7 dias. Ciproconazol (43 mg·L-1), epoxiconazol (30 mg·L-1), miclobutanil (48 mg·L-1), y triflumizol (72 mg·L-1) tuvieron una debil accion curativa de post-sintomas, estimada por el grado de inhibicion de las conidias luego de 10 a 12 dias de la aplicacion. Por el contrario, una accion curativa de post-sintoma muy significativa se obtuvo con captan (1120 mg·L-1) y en menor grado con dodine (390 mg·L-1). Mancozeb (1600 mg·L-1) no tuvo accion de post-sintoma. La incorporacion de humectante (Citowett, 20 ml·100L-1) mejoro significativamente la accion de post-sintomas de captan y dodine.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
DMI fungicides retained strong after-infection control at 96 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- DMI fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalist0pathogen - Outcome
- after-infection activitye0
- Direction
- stronge0
- Value
- 96 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMI fungicides have strong after-infection activity, which was estimated in 96 h after the inoculation”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan controlled apple scab when applied 24 hours after inoculation.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Captan (2195 mg·L-1)e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- good controle0
- Qualifier
- 24 h after inoculatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Captan (2195 mg·L-1), included as control, provided a good control only when it was applied 24 h after inoculation”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
DMI fungicides gave weak protection lasting three to four days.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- DMI fungicidese0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- protectione0
- Direction
- weake0
- Value
- 3-4 dayse0
- Comparator
- captane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“DMI fungicides were weak protectants, given 3-4 days of protection, while a 7- day protection period was obtained with captan”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan provided seven days of protection.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- captane0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- protection periode0
- Value
- 7- daye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 7- day protection period was obtained with captan”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Cyproconazole had weak post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Cyproconazole (43 mg·L-1)e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post-symptom activitye0
- Direction
- weake0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cyproconazole (43 mg·L-1), epoxyconazole (30 mg·L-1), myclobutanil (48 mg·L-1), and triflumizole (72 mg·L-1) were weak in post-symptom activity”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Epoxyconazole had weak post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- epoxyconazole (30 mg·L-1)e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post-symptom activitye0
- Direction
- weake0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“epoxyconazole (30 mg·L-1), myclobutanil (48 mg·L-1), and triflumizole (72 mg·L-1) were weak in post-symptom activity”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Myclobutanil had weak post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- myclobutanil (48 mg·L-1)e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post-symptom activitye0
- Direction
- weake0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“myclobutanil (48 mg·L-1), and triflumizole (72 mg·L-1) were weak in post-symptom activity”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Triflumizole had weak post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- triflumizole (72 mg·L-1)e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post-symptom activitye0
- Direction
- weake0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“triflumizole (72 mg·L-1) were weak in post-symptom activity”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Captan produced significant post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1120 mg·L-1 of captane0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post-symptom activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant post-symptom activity was obtained with 1120 mg·L-1 of captan”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Dodine produced significant post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 390 mg·L-1 of dodinee0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post-symptom activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a significant post-symptom activity was obtained with 1120 mg·L-1 of captan and 390 mg·L-1 of dodine”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Mancozeb had no post-symptom effect.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 1600 mg·L-1 of mancozebe0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- effecte0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no effect was obtained with 1600 mg·L-1 of mancozeb”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Citowett significantly improved captan post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Citowett, 20 ml·100L-1e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post symptom activity of captane0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of an adjuvant (Citowett, 20 ml·100L-1) significantly improved the post symptom activity of captan and dodine”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
Claim · model-written summary
Citowett significantly improved dodine post-symptom activity.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Citowett, 20 ml·100L-1e0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalist0pathogen
- Outcome
- post symptom activitye0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Qualifier
- dodinee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of an adjuvant (Citowett, 20 ml·100L-1) significantly improved the post symptom activity of captan and dodine”
t0“Venturia inaequalis on apples”
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mancozeb · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.