Abstract
Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter is recognized as the most important disease of apples in Serbia. Fungicides remain the primary tool for managing this disease and, due to its polycyclic nature; repeated applications are required over the course of a single season. During 2004-2010 we have conducted many trials for evaluation of chemical control of this disease. The following compounds were tested: pyraclostrobin + dithianon, trifloxystrobin + captan, kresoxim-methyl + dithianon, difenoconazole, pirimethanil, boscalid + pyraclostrobin, pyrimethanil + fluquinconazol and fenbuconazole. Trials were set according to EPPO guideline PP 1/5(3). A complete randomized block design with four replicates per treatment was used in the experiments. Mean percent disease control values were calculated from the evaluations made towards the end of the trials, when differentiation between the treatments was the most obvious. Data were analysed by one-way completely randomized ANOVA, and means comparison performed by Duncan's test. The infection of untreated control plots ranged from 23.0% to 77.5%. All treatments were effective against V. ineaqualis and significantly reduced disease severity in all experiments, compared with the untreated control. Comparing the tested fungicides, pyrimethanil applied alone and mixtures of trifloxystrobin + captan, kresoxim-methyl + dithianon, pyrimethanil + fluquinconazol and pyraclostrobin + dithianon demonstrated the highest efficacy in all trials (85.6%-97.2%). DMI fungicides (difenoconazole and fenbuconazole) and mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin exhibited lower efficacy (68.5%-75.1%) compared to other tested materials.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
All tested fungicide treatments significantly reduced apple scab disease severity compared with the untreated control in all experiments.
- Taxon
- apples
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- All treatmentse1
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise0pathogen - Outcome
- disease severitye1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter is recognized as the most important disease of apples in Serbia”
e1“All treatments were effective against V. ineaqualis and significantly reduced disease severity in all experiments, compared with the untreated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrimethanil applied alone and the trifloxystrobin + captan and kresoxim-methyl + dithianon mixtures had the highest apple scab efficacy in all trials (85.6%-97.2%) among the tested fungicides.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- pyrimethanil applied alone and mixtures of trifloxystrobin + captan, kresoxim-methyl + dithianone2
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacy in all trialse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 85.6%-97.2%e2
- Comparator
- the tested fungicidese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter is recognized as the most important disease of apples in Serbia”
e2“Comparing the tested fungicides, pyrimethanil applied alone and mixtures of trifloxystrobin + captan, kresoxim-methyl + dithianon, pyrimethanil + fluquinconazol and pyraclostrobin + dithianon demonstrated the highest efficacy in all trials (85.6%-97.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrimethanil + fluquinconazol and pyraclostrobin + dithianon had the highest apple scab efficacy in all trials (85.6%-97.2%) among the tested fungicides.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- pyrimethanil + fluquinconazol and pyraclostrobin + dithianone2
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacy in all trialse2
- Direction
- higheste2
- Value
- 85.6%-97.2%e2
- Comparator
- the tested fungicidese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter is recognized as the most important disease of apples in Serbia”
e2“Comparing the tested fungicides, pyrimethanil applied alone and mixtures of trifloxystrobin + captan, kresoxim-methyl + dithianon, pyrimethanil + fluquinconazol and pyraclostrobin + dithianon demonstrated the highest efficacy in all trials (85.6%-97.2%)”
Claim · model-written summary
DMI fungicides (difenoconazole and fenbuconazole) and the boscalid + pyraclostrobin mixture had lower apple scab efficacy (68.5%-75.1%) than the other tested materials.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- DMI fungicides (difenoconazole and fenbuconazole) and mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobine3
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- efficacye3
- Direction
- lowere3
- Value
- 68.5%-75.1%e3
- Comparator
- other tested materialse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter is recognized as the most important disease of apples in Serbia”
e3“DMI fungicides (difenoconazole and fenbuconazole) and mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin exhibited lower efficacy (68.5%-75.1%) compared to other tested materials”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated control plots had apple scab infection between 23.0% and 77.5%.
- Taxon
- applesMalus domesticae0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- infection of untreated control plotse4
- Value
- 23.0% to 77.5%e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Apple scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cooke) G. Winter is recognized as the most important disease of apples in Serbia”
e4“The infection of untreated control plots ranged from 23.0% to 77.5%”
The same questions in other papers
pyrimethanil · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
kresoxim-methyl · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
difenoconazole · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →captan · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →trifloxystrobin · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
dithianon · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
fungicide · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 20 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
21 papers more in this group
See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.