Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during 1994-96 to study the effect of rainy season (kharif) crops on the productivity, energetics and nitrogen economy of succeeding wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paol.) under double cropping systems. Among the rainy season crops, redgram (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp, ) + blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) at 2:2 paired row ratio recorded the highest yield on wheat equivalent basis ( 2 210 kg/ha ), Wheat succeeding redgram + blackgram performed better with maximum grain yield (3695 kg/ha). With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils. Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ). At the optimum production level of wheat after fallow (4 282.68 kg/ha) the highest quantity of 38.76 kg N/ha could be saved in wheat succeeding redgram + blackgram.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram at 2:2 paired row ratio gave the highest yield on wheat-equivalent basis (2 210 kg/ha) among rainy-season crops.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- redgram (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp, ) + blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) at 2:2 paired row ratioe1
- Outcome
- yield on wheat equivalent basise1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Value
- 2 210 kg/hae1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e1“Among the rainy season crops, redgram (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp, ) + blackgram (Phaseolus mungo L.) at 2:2 paired row ratio recorded the highest yield on wheat equivalent basis ( 2 210 kg/ha )”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat succeeding redgram + blackgram gave the maximum grain yield (3695 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Wheat succeeding redgram + blackgrame2
- Outcome
- grain yielde2
- Direction
- maximume2
- Value
- 3695 kg/hae2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e2“Wheat succeeding redgram + blackgram performed better with maximum grain yield (3695 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest total wheat-equivalent yield (6 905 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- total wheat equivalent yielde3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 6 905. kg/hae3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest net return (Rs 18 298/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- net returne3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- Rs 18 298/hae3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- return/rupee investede3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- Rs 2.02e3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- production efficiencye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 25.6 kg/day/hae3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest energy output (189 851 MJ/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- energy outpute3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 189 851 MJ/hae3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest energy output:input ratio (7.92).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- energy output: input ratioe3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 7.92e3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- energy-use efficiencye3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 29 kg/100 MJe3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Redgram + blackgram wheat sequence gave the highest N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- N-uptakee3
- Direction
- higheste3
- Value
- 29.93 kg/hae3
- Setting
- sandy loam soilse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- wheat yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 4 319 kg/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum total wheat-equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- total wheat equivalent yielde4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 6638 kg/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum net return (Rs 12 551/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- net returne4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- Rs 12 551/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- return/rupee investede4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- Rs 1.70e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- production efficiencye4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 28.5 kg/day/hae4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum energy output:input ratio (7.91).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- energy output: input ratioe4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 7.91e4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat gave the maximum energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Application of 80 kg N/hae4
- Outcome
- energy-use efficiencye4
- Direction
- maximume4
- Value
- 26 kg/100 MJe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e4“Application of 80 kg N/ha to wheat recorded maximum wheat yield (4 319 kg/ha), total wheat equivalent yield (6638 kg/ha), net return (Rs 12 551/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 1.70), production efficiency (28.5 kg/day/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.91) and energy-use efficiency (26 kg/100 MJ)”
Claim · model-written summary
At the optimum wheat production level after fallow, the highest amount of 38.76 kg N/ha could be saved by wheat succeeding redgram + blackgram.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- wheat succeeding redgram + blackgrame5
- Outcome
- could be savede5
- Direction
- higheste5
- Value
- 38.76 kg N/hae5
- Comparator
- wheat after fallowe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e5“At the optimum production level of wheat after fallow (4 282.68 kg/ha) the highest quantity of 38.76 kg N/ha could be saved in wheat succeeding redgram + blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
The redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared economically and energetically more viable than the redgram-wheat sequence (author interpretation).
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- redgram + blackgram wheat sequencee3
- Outcome
- economically and energetically viablee3
- Comparator
- redgram-wheat sequencee3
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat (Triticum aestivum)”
e3“With the highest quantity of total wheat equivalent yield (6 905. kg/ha ), net return (Rs 18 298/ha), return/rupee invested (Rs 2.02), production efficiency (25.6 kg/day/ha), energy output (189 851 MJ/ha), energy output: input ratio (7.92), energy-use efficiency (29 kg/100 MJ) and N-uptake (29.93 kg/ha) redgram + blackgram wheat sequence appeared to be economically and energetically viable sequence followed by redgram-wheat sequence in sandy loam soils”
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