Abstract
A 3-year deficit irrigation study was conducted on young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees to determine the effect of reduced water supply from the onset of full fruit production on vegetative growth, fruit characteristics, and yield components. Irrigation was carried out from 5-6 until 5-19 weeks after full bloom (AFB) using subsurface drip lines. The volume of water applied to the fully-irrigated trees, calculated from effective evapotranspiration was 558, 1293, and 1857 m 3 ha -1 in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. During the same irrigation period the deficit-irrigated trees received approximately 50% total water of the fully-irrigated trees. Deficit irrigation reduced the trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) to 69% of the fully-irrigated treatment over the three years. Yield components were differently affected by deficit irrigation. Over the 3-year period fruit yield and oil yield of deficit irrigated trees were 79 and 83% those of well irrigated ones, respectively but, when expressed on a TCSA basis, they were 89 and 100%. Fruit fresh weight and pulp/pit ratio were decreased slightly, although non-significantly, with the 50% deficit irrigation, whereas oil in the mesocarp basis was similar in both watering regimes. These results show that deficit irrigation starting from the onset of fruit production is sustainable, allowing substantial saving of water in olive orchards.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigation reduced olive trunk cross sectional area to 69% of fully irrigated trees over three years.
- Taxon
- olive
Olea europaeae0 - Material
- 'Frantoio'e0
- Treatment
- Deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- trunk cross sectional area (TCSA)e1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 69%e1
- Qualifier
- over the three yearse1
- Comparator
- fully-irrigated treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Deficit irrigation reduced the trunk cross sectional area (TCSA) to 69% of the fully-irrigated treatment over the three years.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigated olive trees had fruit yield of 79% of well irrigated trees over three years.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- 'Frantoio'e0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatede1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 79e1
- Qualifier
- Over the 3-year periode1
- Comparator
- well irrigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Over the 3-year period fruit yield and oil yield of deficit irrigated trees were 79 and 83% those of well irrigated ones, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Deficit irrigated olive trees had oil yield of 83% of well irrigated trees over three years.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Material
- 'Frantoio'e0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatede1
- Outcome
- oil yielde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 83%e1
- Comparator
- well irrigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Over the 3-year period fruit yield and oil yield of deficit irrigated trees were 79 and 83% those of well irrigated ones, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
On a trunk cross sectional area basis, deficit irrigated olive fruit yield was 89% of well irrigated trees.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatede1
- Outcome
- fruit yielde1
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede1
- Value
- 89e1
- Qualifier
- on a TCSA basise1
- Comparator
- well irrigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Over the 3-year period fruit yield and oil yield of deficit irrigated trees were 79 and 83% those of well irrigated ones, respectively but, when expressed on a TCSA basis, they were 89 and 100%.”
Claim · model-written summary
On a trunk cross sectional area basis, deficit irrigated olive oil yield was 100% of well irrigated trees.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- deficit irrigatede1
- Outcome
- oil yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Value
- 100%e1
- Qualifier
- on a TCSA basise1
- Comparator
- well irrigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Over the 3-year period fruit yield and oil yield of deficit irrigated trees were 79 and 83% those of well irrigated ones, respectively but, when expressed on a TCSA basis, they were 89 and 100%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit fresh weight decreased slightly and nonsignificantly with 50% deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- 50% deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- Fruit fresh weighte1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- slightlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Fruit fresh weight and pulp/pit ratio were decreased slightly, although non-significantly, with the 50% deficit irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Pulp/pit ratio decreased slightly and nonsignificantly with 50% deficit irrigation.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- 50% deficit irrigatione1
- Outcome
- pulp/pit ratioe1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Qualifier
- slightlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“Fruit fresh weight and pulp/pit ratio were decreased slightly, although non-significantly, with the 50% deficit irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Mesocarp oil was similar under both watering regimes.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Treatment
- watering regimese1
- Outcome
- oil in the mesocarp basise1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- both watering regimese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“young olive (Olea europaea 'Frantoio') trees”
e1“oil in the mesocarp basis was similar in both watering regimes.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors concluded that deficit irrigation from onset of fruit production is sustainable and saves substantial water in olive orchards.
- Taxon
- oliveOlea europaeae0
- Outcome
- deficit irrigation starting from the onset of fruit production is sustainablee0
- Qualifier
- substantial saving of watere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“deficit irrigation starting from the onset of fruit production is sustainable, allowing substantial saving of water in olive orchards.”
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