Abstract
A combination of alternate row furrow irrigation (ARFI) and alternate fertilizer application was tested in a two years study to evaluate whether this management strategy would reduce the leaching of nitrates. The study was carried out in a 6.25 ha corn field (Cozad-Hord fine silty, Typic Haplustolls) at the WCREC in North Platte, NE. The nitrogen (N) rates studied were uniform application at the recommended rate (R) and a reduction of 25% of R. Increased fertilizer use by isolating N from irrigation water and reduced NO3-N leaching was expected under ARFI. There were no differences in yield between ARFI and every row furrow irrigation (ERFI) in 1997 and 1998. The R rate produced 0.2 Mg ha–1 corn grain yield in 1997 but in 1998, both N rates yielded the same. Spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) and water drainage explained grain corn yield variation. The NH4-N disappearance was faster under ERFI than ARFI, but included the effect of double N concentration applied in ARFI. Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD 502) were 5 and 2.8% higher under ERFI than ARFI in 1997 and 1998 respectively, but yield was not affected. A conservative tracer (KBr) was applied before the first irrigation to imitate the NO3-N movement. Br recovery values under ARFI were twofold of ERFI. The ARFI relative Br– peak movement during the growing season was 0.15 m and 0.60 m under ERFI. After harvest Br– moved to 0.60 m in ARFI and 1.22 m in ERFI. Differences in Br– movement between water inflow and outflow positions in the furrow were from 0.15 m to 0.60 m under ERFI. Differences in Br – movement between replications suggested preferential flow in the west side of the field. Rendered images corroborated the features of the conventional graphics and described the Br– distribution. Br– and residual NO3-N images shared the same spatial distribution. No correlation was found between soil Br– and NO3-N samples collected during the growing season.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Corn yield did not differ between alternate-row and every-row furrow irrigation in 1997 and 1998.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- ARFIe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Qualifier
- 1997 and 1998e0
- Comparator
- every row furrow irrigation (ERFI)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in yield between ARFI and every row furrow irrigation (ERFI) in 1997 and 1998”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
The recommended nitrogen rate produced 0.2 Mg ha–1 corn grain yield in 1997.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- R ratee0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde0
- Value
- 0.2 Mg ha–1e0
- Qualifier
- 1997e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The R rate produced 0.2 Mg ha–1 corn grain yield in 1997”
Claim · model-written summary
Both nitrogen rates yielded the same corn grain yield in 1998.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- N ratese0
- Outcome
- corn grain yielde1
- Direction
- the samee0
- Qualifier
- 1998e0
- Comparator
- both N ratese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in 1998, both N rates yielded the same”
e1“corn grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Spatial variation in soil organic matter and drainage explained corn grain yield variation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Outcome
- grain corn yield variatione0
- Qualifier
- Spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) and water drainagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spatial variability of soil organic matter (SOM) and water drainage explained grain corn yield variation”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil ammonium disappearance was faster under every-row than alternate-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ERFIe0
- Outcome
- NH4-N disappearancee0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Qualifier
- double N concentration applied in ARFIe0
- Comparator
- ARFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NH4-N disappearance was faster under ERFI than ARFI, but included the effect of double N concentration applied in ARFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn chlorophyll meter readings were 5% higher under every-row than alternate-row irrigation in 1997.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ERFIe0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD 502)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 5e0
- Qualifier
- 1997e0
- Comparator
- ARFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD 502) were 5 and 2.8% higher under ERFI than ARFI in 1997 and 1998 respectively”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn chlorophyll meter readings were 2.8% higher under every-row than alternate-row irrigation in 1998.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ERFIe0
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD 502)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.8%e0
- Qualifier
- 1998e0
- Comparator
- ARFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD 502) were 5 and 2.8% higher under ERFI than ARFI in 1997 and 1998 respectively”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Despite higher chlorophyll readings under every-row irrigation, corn yield was unaffected.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Chlorophyll meter readings (SPAD 502) were 5 and 2.8% higher under ERFI than ARFI in 1997 and 1998 respectively, but yield was not affected”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromide tracer recovery under alternate-row irrigation was twice that under every-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ARFIe0
- Outcome
- Br recovery valuese0
- Direction
- twofolde0
- Value
- twofolde0
- Comparator
- ERFIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Br recovery values under ARFI were twofold of ERFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
During the growing season, bromide peak movement was 0.15 m under alternate-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ARFIe0
- Outcome
- Br– peak movemente0
- Value
- 0.15 me0
- Qualifier
- during the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ARFI relative Br– peak movement during the growing season was 0.15 m and 0.60 m under ERFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
During the growing season, bromide peak movement was 0.60 m under every-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ERFIe0
- Outcome
- Br– peak movemente0
- Value
- 0.60 me0
- Qualifier
- during the growing seasone0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ARFI relative Br– peak movement during the growing season was 0.15 m and 0.60 m under ERFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
After harvest bromide moved to 0.60 m under alternate-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ARFIe0
- Outcome
- Br– movede0
- Value
- 0.60 me0
- Qualifier
- After harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After harvest Br– moved to 0.60 m in ARFI and 1.22 m in ERFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
After harvest bromide moved to 1.22 m under every-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ERFIe0
- Outcome
- Br– movede0
- Value
- 1.22 me0
- Qualifier
- After harveste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After harvest Br– moved to 0.60 m in ARFI and 1.22 m in ERFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromide movement differed by 0.15 to 0.60 m between inflow and outflow positions under every-row irrigation.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Treatment
- ERFIe0
- Outcome
- Differences in Br– movemente0
- Value
- 0.15 m to 0.60 me0
- Qualifier
- between water inflow and outflow positionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in Br– movement between water inflow and outflow positions in the furrow were from 0.15 m to 0.60 m under ERFI”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in bromide movement between replicates suggested preferential flow on the west side of the field.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- preferential flowe0
- Setting
- west side of the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences in Br – movement between replications suggested preferential flow in the west side of the field”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Rendered images corroborated conventional graphics and described bromide distribution.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- Br– distributione0
- Comparator
- conventional graphicse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rendered images corroborated the features of the conventional graphics and described the Br– distribution”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Bromide and residual nitrate images had the same spatial distribution.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- same spatial distributione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Br– and residual NO3-N images shared the same spatial distribution”
e1“corn field”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil bromide and nitrate samples collected during the growing season were uncorrelated.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse1
- Outcome
- soil Br– and NO3-N samplese0
- Setting
- during the growing seasone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No correlation was found between soil Br– and NO3-N samples collected during the growing season”
e1“corn field”
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