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Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maize knobs exhibit a more structured HOR distribution than centromeres.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Outcome
more structured HOR distributione0

Verbatim

e0

“maize knobs exhibit a more structured HOR distribution”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1258–1312

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B chromosomes and heterochromatic knobs had a negative relationship in maize landraces.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse1
Outcome
Bse0
Direction
negative relationshipe0
Comparator
heterochromatic knobse0

Verbatim

e0

“the negative relationship found between Bs and heterochromatic knobs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1463–1531
e1

“native Argentinian and Bolivian maize landraces”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 232–279

Title

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DNA CONTENT VARIATION IN ZEA

G.E. González; M.F. Realini; M.F. Fourastié; et al. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 2022. doi:10.35407/bag.2022.33.01.03

Other claims from this paper (10)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Large maize knobs contain megabase-scale similarity blocks with repeated HOR patterns.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
megabase-scale similarity blocks with repeated HOR patternse0

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–76
e0

“Large knobs contain megabase-scale similarity blocks with repeated HOR patterns”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1314–1393

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

TRKIN localizes to knobs earlier in prophase than KINDR.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Gene
TRKINe2
Outcome
localizes to knobse2
Direction
earliere2
Comparator
KINDRe2

Verbatim

t0

“Distinct kinesin motors drive two types of maize neocentromeres”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–63
e2

“TRKIN contains a nuclear localization signal and localizes to knobs earlier in prophase than KINDR”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 896–994

Title

Distinct kinesin motors drive two types of maize neocentromeres

Kyle W. Swentowsky; Jonathan I. Gent; Elizabeth G. Lowry; et al. Genes & Development 2020. doi:10.1101/gad.340679.120

Other claims from this paper (6)
Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The data reveal internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobs.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Outcome
internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobse1
Value
seven centromerese1

Verbatim

e0

“a maize genome (B73-Ab10)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 202–227
e1

“The data also reveal the internal structure of seven centromeres and five heterochromatic knobs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 418–513

Title

Gapless assembly of maize chromosomes using long-read technologies

Jianing Liu; Arun S. Seetharam; Kapeel Chougule; et al. Genome biology 2020. doi:10.1186/s13059-020-02029-9

Other claims from this paper (5)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors proposed intragenomic conflict between B chromosomes and heterochromatic knobs in maize landraces.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse1
Outcome
intragenomic conflicte0
Qualifier
Bs and heterochromatic knobse0

Verbatim

e0

“the negative relationship found between Bs and heterochromatic knobs allowed us to propose the existence of an intragenomic conflict between these elements.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1463–1619
e1

“native Argentinian and Bolivian maize landraces”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 232–279

Title

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DNA CONTENT VARIATION IN ZEA

G.E. González; M.F. Realini; M.F. Fourastié; et al. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 2022. doi:10.35407/bag.2022.33.01.03

Other claims from this paper (10)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Knobs became fewer and smaller with increasing altitude.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Outcome
knobse1
Direction
fewer and smallere1
Setting
cultivation altitudee1

Verbatim

e0

“In maize, we studied”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–20
e1

“Bolivian and NWA landraces exhibited the same pattern of A-DNA downsizing and fewer and smaller knobs with increasing cultivation altitude”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 849–987

Title

Intragenomic Conflict between Knob Heterochromatin and B Chromosomes Is the Key to Understand Genome Size Variation along Altitudinal Clines in Maize

Graciela Esther González; Lidia Poggio Plants 2021. doi:10.3390/plants10091859

Other claims from this paper (6)
Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The repeat units in knobs likely promote unequal crossing over, enabling rapid knob expansion.

Taxon
maizeZea mayst0
Outcome
rapid knob expansione0
Qualifier
unequal crossing overe0

Verbatim

t0

“maize”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–76
e0

“These repeat units likely promote unequal crossing over, enabling rapid knob expansion”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1395–1481

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)
Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0B individuals had more and larger heterochromatic knobs than individuals with higher B chromosome doses.

Taxon
maizeZea mayse0
Outcome
heterochromatic knobse1
Direction
more numerous and largere1
Comparator
those with higher doses of Bse1

Verbatim

e0

“In maize, we studied”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–20
e1

“The heterochromatic knobs, detected by DAPI staining, were more numerous and larger in individuals 0B than in those with higher doses of Bs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 708–847

Title

Intragenomic Conflict between Knob Heterochromatin and B Chromosomes Is the Key to Understand Genome Size Variation along Altitudinal Clines in Maize

Graciela Esther González; Lidia Poggio Plants 2021. doi:10.3390/plants10091859

Other claims from this paper (6)
Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The most abundant satellite repeats in both haplotypes occur outside centromeres and form heterochromatic knobs.

Taxon
Populus tremula × P. albaPopulus tremulat0
Gene
PtaM147e0
Outcome
satellite repeatse0
Value
147 bpe0
Qualifier
frequently span >1 megabasese0

Verbatim

e0

“the most abundant satellite repeats in both haplotypes lie outside of the centromeres, consist of a 147 bp monomer PtaM147, frequently span >1 megabases, and form heterochromatic knobs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–891
t0

“Populus tremula × P. alba”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–63

Title

Haplotype‐resolved genome assembly of Populus tremula × P. alba reveals aspen‐specific megabase satellite DNA

Ran Zhou; Jerry W Jenkins; Yibing Zeng; et al. The Plant Journal 2023. doi:10.1111/tpj.16454

Other claims from this paper (5)

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