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“decrease in relative water content”

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2000 ’10 ’20

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Organism: Carthamus tinctorius ✕

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit significantly decreased relative water content, stomatal conductance, and osmotic adjustment.

Taxon: SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: water deficitse0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–69

e0
“water deficits led to a significant decrease in relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–607

Title

Physiological Indices for the Selection of Drought-Tolerant Safflower Genotypes for Cultivation in Marginal Areas

Bahman Pasban Eslam; Ali Chenari Bouket; Tomasz Oszako; et al. Applied Sciences 2024. doi:10.3390/app14125106

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Water deficit significantly decreased water potential and agronomic water use efficiency.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased the water stress index.
Association These physiological traits differed significantly among safflower genotypes.
Association Physiological traits were significantly correlated with seed yield.
Association CWSI was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WP was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WUEa was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association Capitula number per plant correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.86).
Association Seeds per capitulum correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.92).
Observation Golemehr yielded 4676 kg h−1 normally and 3211 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Observation Mec.295 yielded 4961 kg h−1 normally and 3385 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Recommendation CWSI, WP and WUEa can select high yielding drought tolerant safflower genotypes.
Recommendation Golemehr is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.
Recommendation Mec.295 is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

S1 decreased leaf relative water content by 17%.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: S1 irrigation levele0
Outcome: relative water content (RWC) of the leafe0
Direction: decreasee0
Value: 17 %e0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–61

e0
“The S1 irrigation level led to a decrease in Fv/Fm (5 %), relative water content (RWC) of the leaf (17 %)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 510–615

Title

Improving the physiological properties and yield of safflower by combining organic and chemical nitrogen in different irrigation cut-off conditions

Eisa Maghsoudi; Alireza Yadavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; et al. Industrial Crops and Products 2024. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.119601

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Stem-elongation irrigation cut-off decreased Fv/Fm by 5%.
Intervention effect S1 decreased leaf chlorophyll by 22%.
Intervention effect S1 decreased leaf soluble proteins by 21%.
Intervention effect S1 increased electrolyte leakage by 33%.
Intervention effect S1 increased carotenoids by 43%.
Intervention effect S1 increased proline by 42%.
Intervention effect S1 increased leaf soluble sugars by 39%.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer alone or combined with chemical fertilizer raised Fv/Fm, RWC and chlorophyll under cut-off.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer raised leaf soluble proteins under irrigation cut-off.
Intervention effect Organic fertilizer decreased carotenoids, proline and soluble sugars.
Observation Complete irrigation gave the highest biological yield of 21.62 t ha −1.
Observation N3 gave the highest biological yield of 21.93 t ha −1.
Intervention effect N3 increased grain yield by 3.34 t ha −1 in 2015.
Intervention effect N2 increased grain yield by 3.56 t ha −1 in 2016.
Observation Vegetative-stage irrigation cut-off had the greatest negative biological-yield effect.
Observation Flowering and pollination irrigation cut-off was most detrimental for grain yield.
Intervention effect N2 and N3 reduced the negative impact of water deficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower plant height, leaf area index, and relative water content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: salinity, drought, and simultaneous stressese0
Outcome: plant height, leaf area index, relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The plant height, leaf area index, relative water content, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seeds weight, seed yield, oil content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decrease under salinity, drought, and simultaneous stresses.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–801

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–50

Title

Growth, photosynthesis and production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in response to different levels of salinity and drought

Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh; Hossein Babazadeh; Hormazd Naghavi; et al. International Agrophysics 2022. doi:10.31545/intagr/147892

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower head number, seed number per head, and thousand-seed weight.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower seed yield and oil content.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate.
Intervention effect The 10 dS m -1 salinity and 40% irrigation treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 92.6% at heading.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 71.04% at stem elongation.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 89.9% at flowering.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot spraying increased relative leaf water content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: spraying of the shootse0
Outcome: relative water content in the plant leavese0
Direction: increasee0
Comparator: untreated plantse0

Verbatim

e0
“The spraying of the shoots, has led to increase the relative water content in the plant leaves and decrease the cell membrane stability in comparison with untreated plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 501–672

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21

Title

Response of safflower to different concentrations of Mubkoet Chlorocytide growth regulator

Hussain Ali Mağallaẗ al-tarbiyaẗ wa-al-ʻilm 2005. doi:10.33899/edusj.2005.82975

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Growth regulator reduced safflower height and root length.
Intervention effect Growth regulator significantly increased shoot and root dry weight, especially at 20 and 40 ppm.
Intervention effect Shoot spraying decreased cell membrane stability.
Intervention effect Spraying significantly reduced proline concentration, especially at 20 and 40 ppm.
Intervention effect Spraying increased chlorophyll b concentration, particularly at 60 ppm.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salt stress significantly decreased stem growth, fresh weight and relative water content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: salt stresse0
Outcome: stem growth, fresh weight, and relative water contente0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: 0 (control)e0

Verbatim

e0
“salt stress [0 (control), 75, 150, 225, and 300 mM NaCl concentrations] for 12 days, which led to a significant decrease in growth parameters (stem growth, fresh weight, and relative water content)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 277–474

t0
“Impact of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–133

Title

Impact of salt stress on photosystem II efficiency and antioxidant enzyme activities of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivars

Şeküre ÇULHA ERDAL; Hüsnü ÇAKIRLAR TURKISH JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY 2014. doi:10.3906/biy-1401-33

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Salt stress significantly decreased photosynthetic pigment contents.
Intervention effect Salinity negatively affected photosystem II activity, especially at 300 mM.
Intervention effect Salt stress decreased K+ content and the K+/Na+ ratio.
Intervention effect Salt stress increased Na+ content.
Association Leaf malondialdehyde and free proline contents increased with NaCl concentration.
Association Antioxidant enzymes responded differently to NaCl concentrations.
Observation Dinçer had higher antioxidant enzyme activities and a more effective response than other cultivars.
Observation Dinçer had greater salinity tolerance than the other cultivars.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

End-season drought lowered chlorophyll index, leaf area index and relative water content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriuse0 t0 e1
Treatment: end-season droughte0 t0 e1
Outcome: chlorophyll index, leaf area index, relative water contente0 t0 e1
Direction: decreasee0 t0 e1
Comparator: regular irrigatione0 t0 e1

Verbatim

e0
“The end-season drought caused a decrease in the chlorophyll index, leaf area index, relative water content, plant height, yield components, biological yield, seed yield, harvest index, seed oil content, oil harvest index, and seed element content compared to regular irrigation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 767–1044

t0
“Application Methods of Zinc Sulphate Increased Safflower Seed Yield and Quality under End-Season Drought Stress”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–111

e1
“The effect of different methods of zinc application on the growth, yield, and quality of safflower seeds under regular irrigation and interruption of irrigation from flowering to harvest (82 and 80 DAS in the first and second years, respectively) was evaluated.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 216–477

Title

Application Methods of Zinc Sulphate Increased Safflower Seed Yield and Quality under End-Season Drought Stress

Reza Ahmadi; Mohammad Mahmoudi; Farid Shekari; et al. Horticulturae 2024. doi:10.3390/horticulturae10090963

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect End-season drought lowered plant height and yield components.
Intervention effect End-season drought lowered biological yield, seed yield and harvest index.
Intervention effect End-season drought lowered seed oil content, oil harvest index and seed element content.
Association The yield decrease coincided with lower capitol number and diameter, seed number per capitol and 1000-seed weight.
Observation Drought damage was more severe in the second year than the first.
Intervention effect Zinc sulfate increased studied traits in both years and irrigation conditions.
Intervention effect Zinc sulfate improved yield and seed nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents.
Intervention effect Zinc sulfate improved seed zinc and iron content.
Association Increasing zinc sulfate concentration lowered seed phosphorus content with both application methods.
Intervention effect Seed phosphorus content remained above the no-zinc treatment.
Intervention effect Zinc increased biological, seed and oil yield.
Observation Seed and oil yield responded more strongly to zinc than biological yield.
Intervention effect Zinc increased seed and oil harvest index.
Intervention effect Higher zinc sulfate concentrations improved performance under regular irrigation.
Observation Medium and lower zinc sulfate concentrations worked better under stress.
Intervention effect Flowering-stage spray at 5 g L−1 under normal irrigation gave the highest 1000-seed weight.
Intervention effect Flowering-stage spray at 5 g L−1 under normal irrigation gave the highest potassium and zinc content.
Intervention effect Foliar zinc sulfate spray improved seed yield more than soil application.
Observation Soil zinc sulfate application affected biological yield more than seed yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit significantly decreased water potential and agronomic water use efficiency.

Taxon: SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: water deficitse0
Outcome: water potential (WP) and agronomic water use efficiency (WUEa)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–69

e0
“water deficits led to a significant decrease in relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj), water potential (WP) and agronomic water use efficiency (WUEa)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–671

Title

Physiological Indices for the Selection of Drought-Tolerant Safflower Genotypes for Cultivation in Marginal Areas

Bahman Pasban Eslam; Ali Chenari Bouket; Tomasz Oszako; et al. Applied Sciences 2024. doi:10.3390/app14125106

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Water deficit significantly decreased relative water content, stomatal conductance, and osmotic adjustment.
Intervention effect Water deficit increased the water stress index.
Association These physiological traits differed significantly among safflower genotypes.
Association Physiological traits were significantly correlated with seed yield.
Association CWSI was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WP was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WUEa was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association Capitula number per plant correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.86).
Association Seeds per capitulum correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.92).
Observation Golemehr yielded 4676 kg h−1 normally and 3211 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Observation Mec.295 yielded 4961 kg h−1 normally and 3385 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Recommendation CWSI, WP and WUEa can select high yielding drought tolerant safflower genotypes.
Recommendation Golemehr is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.
Recommendation Mec.295 is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Water deficit increased the water stress index.

Taxon: SafflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: water deficitse0
Outcome: water stress index (CWSI)e0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“Safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–69

e0
“water deficits led to a significant decrease in relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs), osmotic adjustment (Oadj), water potential (WP) and agronomic water use efficiency (WUEa) and an increase in the water stress index (CWSI)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 477–720

Title

Physiological Indices for the Selection of Drought-Tolerant Safflower Genotypes for Cultivation in Marginal Areas

Bahman Pasban Eslam; Ali Chenari Bouket; Tomasz Oszako; et al. Applied Sciences 2024. doi:10.3390/app14125106

Other claims from this paper (14)

Intervention effect Water deficit significantly decreased relative water content, stomatal conductance, and osmotic adjustment.
Intervention effect Water deficit significantly decreased water potential and agronomic water use efficiency.
Association These physiological traits differed significantly among safflower genotypes.
Association Physiological traits were significantly correlated with seed yield.
Association CWSI was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WP was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association WUEa was strongly related to seed yield under normal and water deficit conditions.
Association Capitula number per plant correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.86).
Association Seeds per capitulum correlated positively with seed yield (r = 0.92).
Observation Golemehr yielded 4676 kg h−1 normally and 3211 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Observation Mec.295 yielded 4961 kg h−1 normally and 3385 kg h−1 under water deficit.
Recommendation CWSI, WP and WUEa can select high yielding drought tolerant safflower genotypes.
Recommendation Golemehr is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.
Recommendation Mec.295 is recommended for cultivation in marginal and arid areas.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower seed yield and oil content.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: salinity, drought, and simultaneous stressese0
Outcome: seed yield, oil contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The plant height, leaf area index, relative water content, number of heads per plant, number of seeds per head, 1000-seeds weight, seed yield, oil content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate decrease under salinity, drought, and simultaneous stresses.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 516–801

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–50

Title

Growth, photosynthesis and production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in response to different levels of salinity and drought

Marziyeh Esmaeilzadeh; Hossein Babazadeh; Hormazd Naghavi; et al. International Agrophysics 2022. doi:10.31545/intagr/147892

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower plant height, leaf area index, and relative water content.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower head number, seed number per head, and thousand-seed weight.
Intervention effect Salinity, drought, and combined stress reduced safflower photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate.
Intervention effect The 10 dS m -1 salinity and 40% irrigation treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 92.6% at heading.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 71.04% at stem elongation.
Intervention effect The same stress treatment reduced safflower seed yield by 89.9% at flowering.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot spraying decreased cell membrane stability.

Taxon: safflowerCarthamus tinctoriust0
Treatment: spraying of the shootse0
Outcome: cell membrane stabilitye0
Direction: decreasee0
Comparator: untreated plantse0

Verbatim

e0
“The spraying of the shoots, has led to increase the relative water content in the plant leaves and decrease the cell membrane stability in comparison with untreated plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 501–672

t0
“safflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 12–21

Title

Response of safflower to different concentrations of Mubkoet Chlorocytide growth regulator

Hussain Ali Mağallaẗ al-tarbiyaẗ wa-al-ʻilm 2005. doi:10.33899/edusj.2005.82975

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Growth regulator reduced safflower height and root length.
Intervention effect Growth regulator significantly increased shoot and root dry weight, especially at 20 and 40 ppm.
Intervention effect Shoot spraying increased relative leaf water content.
Intervention effect Spraying significantly reduced proline concentration, especially at 20 and 40 ppm.
Intervention effect Spraying increased chlorophyll b concentration, particularly at 60 ppm.

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“decrease in relative water content”

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