Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root nitrogen showed only a slight decrease.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: nitrogen (N)e0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Only a slight decrease in nitrogen (N) was observed.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 962–1014

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 21–26

Title

Aluminum toxicity in maize: Biomass production and nutrient uptake and translocation

Fernando C. Lidon; Helena G. Azinheira; Maria G. Barreiro Journal of Plant Nutrition 2000. doi:10.1080/01904160009382005

Other claims from this paper (16)

Intervention effect Root aluminum concentration rose threefold across the 0 to 3.00 mM aluminum treatments.
Observation Aluminum was not detected in shoots.
Intervention effect Root plasma membrane H+ ATPase activity declined after 0.33 mg L‐1 Al.
Intervention effect Root membrane permeability increased up to 1.00 mM Al.
Intervention effect Root and shoot biomass declined after 0.33 mM Al treatment.
Observation Most root element concentrations peaked at 0.33 mM Al, except K, Mn and Zn.
Intervention effect Root potassium increased continuously from 0 to 3.00 mM Al.
Intervention effect Root iron decreased above 0.33 mM Al.
Intervention effect Most measured shoot nutrients declined above 0.33 mM Al, except N, Mn and Fe.
Observation Shoot calcium and magnesium showed little variation with Al.
Observation Maximum net uptake of most mineral nutrients occurred by 0.33 mM Al, except Mn.
Intervention effect Translocation of P, K, Mn and Zn declined above 0.33 mM Al.
Intervention effect Translocation of N and Ca declined with any added Al.
Observation Mg and Fe translocation showed no clear trend.
Intervention effect Electrolytic conductance did not rise significantly across 0 to 3.00 mM Al.
Mechanism The authors infer that inhibited root-to-shoot translocation is not directly caused by increasing membrane degradation.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in zein fractions under low nitrogen was offset by a large decrease in grain protein content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Material: QPMe0
Treatment: low N conditionse0
Outcome: grain protein contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“The advantages of a decrease in zein fractions in QPM under low N conditions were offset by a large decrease in grain protein content”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1122–1255

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 48–53

Title

Protein quality and quantity of quality protein maize (QPM) and non‐QPM hybrids under optimal and low nitrogen conditions

Hilda Shawa; Angeline van Biljon; Maryke T. Labuschagne Cereal Chemistry 2020. doi:10.1002/cche.10390

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Low nitrogen significantly reduced total protein content.
Intervention effect Low nitrogen significantly reduced γ-zein peak area.
Intervention effect Low nitrogen significantly reduced α-zein peak area.
Intervention effect Low nitrogen increased β-zein.
Observation Non-QPM hybrids had higher protein content than QPM hybrids.
Observation QPM hybrids had higher γ-zein than non-QPM hybrids in all environments.
Observation Non-QPM genotypes had higher α-zein values than QPM genotypes.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in rate per unit area is attributed to a decrease in protein per unit area.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: rate per unit areae5
Qualifier: decrease in protein per unit areae5

Verbatim

e0
“along the course of maize roots”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 187–218

e5
“This is attributed to an increasing protein content, and the decrease in rate per unit area to a corresponding decrease in protein per unit area”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 997–1141

Title

The Absorption of Potassium by Cells in the Apex of the Root

R. BROWN; P. M. CARTWRIGHT Journal of Experimental Botany 1953. doi:10.1093/jxb/4.2.197

Other claims from this paper (17)

Observation Potassium absorption by the first, almost entirely meristematic root section is abnormally low.
Mechanism The low absorption of the first root section is attributed to the absence of a tonoplast around a central vacuole.
Association The rate per unit area of surface decreases as cells expand after vacuolation in the root.
Association Per cell, potassium absorption increases as expansion occurs in the root.
Mechanism Per-cell absorption increase is attributed to increasing protein content.
Observation Absorption per unit protein increases during cell growth in the root as cytoplasm differentiates.
Observation After excision, protein content does not increase whether or not growth occurs.
Observation Final internal potassium concentrations in the sections vary according to the growth that occurs.
Observation After vacuolation with limited growth, the final internal concentration is greater than at the beginning of the experiment.
Observation When growth occurs, the final internal concentration may be lower.
Mechanism Absorption depends on an inward secretion into the vacuole that is independent of surface area.
Mechanism Absorption includes an outward diffusion into the medium that increases with surface area.
Intervention effect Sugar stimulates the rate of potassium absorption.
Intervention effect When growth does not occur, sugar enhances the final internal concentration.
Intervention effect When growth occurs, sugar stimulates potassium absorption.
Intervention effect When growth occurs, sugar stimulates expansion of the cell.
Intervention effect The expansion effect of sugar may lead to a final concentration lower than without sugar.

Observationobservedoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

A 40% grain yield decrease had a 10.5% occurrence probability.

Taxon: MAIZEZea mayst0
Outcome: probability of occurrencee0
Value: 10.5%e0
Qualifier: 40% of grain yield decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“The levels of 40% of grain yield decrease present 10.5% of probability of occurrence.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1116–1201

t0
“WATER DEFICIENCY ON THE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD DECREASE IN THE CATARINENSE FAR WEST”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–78

Title

WATER DEFICIENCY ON THE MAIZE GRAIN YIELD DECREASE IN THE CATARINENSE FAR WEST

CLÍSTENES ANTÔNIO GUADAGNIN; EDGAR RICARDO SCHOFFEL; HELVIO DEBLI CASALINHO; et al. Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 2017. doi:10.18512/1980-6477/rbms.v16n1p61-71

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation The Isareg model estimated average maize grain yield decrease of 25.1%.
Observation The largest maize yield decrease occurred with early August sowing.
Observation The smallest maize yield decrease occurred with late January to February sowings.
Observation Yield decrease varied by up to 3.9% among maturation cycles.
Method / resource Isareg was judged appropriate for estimating grain yield decrease.
Method / resource Isareg overestimated yield decrease when relative evapotranspiration exceeded 0.8.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Each 100 °C decrease in reproductive stage accumulated temperature was associated with a 6.1% decrease in grain yield.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Treatment: AAT decreasee0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: decreasede0
Value: 6.1%e0
Qualifier: every 100 °Ce0

Verbatim

e0
“for every 100 °C of AAT decrease during reproductive stage, the grain yield decreased by 6.1%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2133–2226

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 55–60

Title

Effect of Planting Date on Accumulated Temperature and Maize Growth under Mulched Drip Irrigation in a Middle-Latitude Area with Frequent Chilling Injury

Dan Wang; Guangyong Li; Yan Mo; et al. Sustainability 2017. doi:10.3390/su9091500

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Film mulching increased sowing to emergence soil temperature by 14.3% versus no film.
Intervention effect Film mulching increased seedling stage soil temperature by 7.6%.
Intervention effect Film mulching advanced maize emergence by four days.
Intervention effect Film mulching increased maize emergence rate by 5.6%.
Intervention effect Film mulching increased maize grain yield by 9.7%.
Association Each ten day planting delay reduced reproductive stage accumulated temperature by 96.6 °C.
Intervention effect Late spring cold slowed maize emergence or jointing under MD1 and MD2.
Intervention effect Late spring cold had an insignificant adverse effect on later maize growth and yield under MD1 and MD2.
Intervention effect Early autumn freezing shortened maize reproductive period by four to eight days in MD3 and MD4.
Intervention effect Early autumn freezing reduced MD3 and MD4 maize grain yield by 11.4–17.3% versus MD1 and MD2.
Association Each ten day planting delay after May 1 was associated with an 8.5% grain yield penalty.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Senescent maize leaves showed a decrease in stomatal conductance.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: senescent leavest0
Outcome: stomatal conductancee1
Direction: decreasee1

Verbatim

e1
“Senescent leaves displayed a significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity accompanied by a decrease in stomatal conductance and an increase in intercellular CO2 concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 143–322

t0
“senescent leaves of maize plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–82

Title

Modifications in photosystem II photochemistry in senescent leaves of maize plants

C. Lu; J. Zhang Journal of Experimental Botany 1998. doi:10.1093/jxb/49.327.1671

Other claims from this paper (11)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inactivation increases with a decrease in pH.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: a decrease in pHe2
Outcome: Inactivatione2
Direction: decreasee2

Verbatim

e1
“A protein present in the developing endosperm of maize (Zea mays L.) causes a loss of invertase activity under certain conditions of incubation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–143

e2
“Inactivation increases with an increase in temperature and a decrease in pH”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1050–1125

Title

An Invertase Inactivator in Maize Endosperm and Factors Affecting Inactivation

T. A. Jaynes; O. E. Nelson PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1971. doi:10.1104/pp.47.5.629

Other claims from this paper (11)

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mutant kernels showed a decrease in starch content.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Material: mutant kernelse0
Outcome: starch contente0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“Furthermore, we observed a decrease in starch content accompanied by an increase in protein content in the mutant kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–829

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 62–67

Title

ZmMKK4, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, influences maize kernel size

Haibo Qu; Binyan Yao; Wenhui Rao; et al. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2026. doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2026.111062

Other claims from this paper (8)

Mechanism ZmMKK4 was identified as a positive regulator of maize kernel development.
Observation ZmMKK4 localized primarily to the nucleus and cytoplasm.
Observation ZmMKK4 was highly expressed across multiple tissues including kernels.
Intervention effect zmmkk4 knockout reduced or impaired kernel size.
Intervention effect zmmkk4 knockout reduced or impaired weight.
Intervention effect zmmkk4 knockout reduced or impaired kernel development.
Observation Mutant kernels showed a increase in protein content.
Recommendation The authors present ZmMKK4 as a candidate for marker-assisted selection or gene editing.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Senescent maize leaves showed a significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Organ / stage: senescent leavest0
Outcome: CO2 assimilatory capacitye1
Direction: decreasee1

Verbatim

e1
“Senescent leaves displayed a significant decrease in CO2 assimilatory capacity accompanied by a decrease in stomatal conductance and an increase in intercellular CO2 concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 143–322

t0
“senescent leaves of maize plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 50–82

Title

Modifications in photosystem II photochemistry in senescent leaves of maize plants

C. Lu; J. Zhang Journal of Experimental Botany 1998. doi:10.1093/jxb/49.327.1671

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in chlorophyll b under sorbitol was more prominent than the decrease in chlorophyll a.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Treatment: Sorbitol treatmente2
Outcome: decrease in chlorophyll 'b'e2
Direction: more prominente2
Comparator: chlorophyll 'a'e2

Verbatim

e1
“Treatment of maize seedlings with different concentrations of sorbitol decreased the rate of germination substantially”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–118

e2
“Sorbitol treatment also reduced the total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a as well as chlorophyll b; the decrease in chlorophyll 'b' being more prominent than chlorophyll 'a', however, carotenoid content was declined marginally”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 426–648

Title

Sorbitol-induced changes in various growth and biochemici parameters in maize

M. Jain; S. Tiwary; R. Gadre Plant Soil and Environment 2010. doi:10.17221/233/2009-pse

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment of maize seedlings substantially decreased the rate of germination.
Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment reduced root length and shoot length of maize.
Observation The decrease in root length under sorbitol was smaller than the decrease in shoot length.
Intervention effect Sorbitol decreased the fresh weight of maize leaf segments in a concentration-dependent manner.
Intervention effect Sorbitol increased the dry weight of maize leaf segments in a concentration-dependent manner.
Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment reduced total chlorophylls, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in maize.
Intervention effect Sorbitol treatment declined carotenoid content marginally in maize.
Intervention effect Supplying sorbitol decreased protein and RNA content in maize.
Intervention effect Supplying sorbitol increased proline content in maize.
Intervention effect Supplying sorbitol increased in vivo nitrate reductase activity in maize.

“decrease in A”

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