Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A marked decrease in oxidation is not necessarily accompanied by high acidity of the mixtures.

Taxon: Apple Barkt0
Outcome: Marked decrease in oxidatione1
Qualifier: not necessarily accompanied by high acidity of the mixturese1

Verbatim

t0
“Apple Bark”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 41–51

e1
“Marked decrease in oxidation is not necessarily accompanied by high acidity of the mixtures”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 817–908

Title

Effect of Salts Upon Oxidase Activity of Apple Bark

D. H. Rose; Henry R. Kraybill; R. C. Rose Botanical Gazette 1920. doi:10.1086/332636

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect One-tenth normal solutions of all the chlorides tested decreased oxidation of pyrogallol by apple bark powder.
Intervention effect 0.10 N solutions of all the sulphates tested increased oxidation very slightly.
Intervention effect Potassium, sodium and magnesium nitrates (0.10 N) had practically no effect on oxidation.
Intervention effect Nitrates of calcium, barium, manganese and ferric iron decreased oxidation.
Intervention effect Potassium chloride (0.02 N and 0.002 N) had no effect on oxidation.
Intervention effect Manganese chloride at these concentrations increased oxidation.
Intervention effect Tartrates, oxalates and citrates increased oxidation.
Intervention effect Acetates and carbonates increased oxidation.
Mechanism The marked increase in oxidation is attributed in part to the low acidity of the mixtures.
Mechanism Ions other than hydrogen and hydroxyl may be important in regulating oxidase activity.
Recommendation Authors recommend taking into account the possible effect of the salts formed when neutralizing hydrogen or hydroxyl ions in oxidase studies.
Association The chlorides that retard tobacco combustion at high temperatures also retard oxidase action at low temperatures.
Recommendation Authors suggest using alkali chlorides to prevent browning of fruits and vegetables during canning, preserving or drying.

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Exposure of tomato to 17 hours or more of light results in a marked decrease in photosynthetic ability.

Taxon: tomatoSolanum lycopersicume4
Treatment: 17 hours or moree4
Outcome: photosynthetic abilitye4
Direction: marked decreasee4

Verbatim

e4
“Injury is evident in the tomato in exposures of 17 hours or more, resulting in marked decrease in photosynthetic ability”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 779–899

Title

Microchemical and Morphological Studies of Effect of Light on Plants

Norma E. Pfeiffer Botanical Gazette 1926. doi:10.1086/333584

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Green manuring appeared to decrease soil hydrogen-ion concentration.

Outcome: hydrogen‐ion concentratione0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“any change brought about in the soil reaction appears to be towards a decrease rather than an increase in the hydrogen‐ion concentration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2106–2242

Title

COMMON SCAB OF POTATOES1

W. A. MILLARD Annals of Applied Biology 1923. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1923.tb05654.x

Other claims from this paper (19)

Observation Common potato scab showed raised and pitted forms and intermediate forms.
Observation The causal organism in examined scab cases belonged to Actinomyces.
Observation Isolated Actinomyces strains differed in culture but were grouped as A. scabies.
Observation Scab was most common and virulent on light sandy or gravelly soils.
Observation Scab was rare on peat soils.
Intervention effect Liberal green-manure applications may inhibit potato scab.
Intervention effect Spent hops had value in scab control.
Intervention effect Leaf mould had long given good results against scab.
Intervention effect Lime or chalk had little or no scab effect on neutral soils.
Intervention effect On distinctly acid soils, lime or chalk tended to aggravate scab unless organic matter was abundant.
Intervention effect Green manuring may counteract lime-related scab aggravation.
Mechanism Soil hydrogen-ion concentration was not a direct control of scab.
Observation Scab was slight at high hydrogen-ion concentration but occurred at pH 4.4.
Observation Actinomyces occurred in large numbers at soil pH as low as 4.4.
Association Scab occurrence was unrelated to soil pH in nearly neutral soils.
Mechanism The authors proposed preferential feeding as an explanation for soil and amendment effects on scab.
Mechanism The proposed mechanism holds that Actinomyces becomes parasitic when vegetable remains are exhausted.
Association Scab was more prevalent in dry than wet seasons.
Mechanism The authors proposed rainfall control of soil air content as the main climatic influence on aerobic scab organisms, especially in clay soils.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Removing trees is associated with a decrease in many of the mosses typical of the section.

Taxon: mossesBryophytae2
Treatment: Take away the treese2
Outcome: many of the mosses typical of this sectione2
Direction: decreaseinferrede2

Verbatim

e2
“Take away the trees and many of the mosses typical of this section go with them.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2737–2817

Title

The Passing of Our Forest Mosses

John W. Bailey The Bryologist 1923. doi:10.1639/0007-2745(1923)26[20:tpoofm]2.0.co;2

Other claims from this paper (1)

Observation Forest mosses that could be collected within city limits before the last decade now require travel to find.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

None of the 4 negative results showed a yield decrease of as much as 10 per cent.

Taxon: various cropse1
Treatment: high tension dischargee0
Outcome: yieldse1
Direction: decreasee4
Value: as much as 10 per cente4
Comparator: controlse1

Verbatim

e0
“on the application of a high tension discharge to the growth of field crops”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 41–116

e1
“Of these 18 field experiments with various crops, 14 gave positive results in favour of the electrified plots, while 4 showed negative results, i.e. decreased yields compared with the controls”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 882–1074

e4
“Of the 4 negative none shows a decrease of as much as 10 per cent”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1237–1302

Title

Field experiments in electro-culture

V. H. Blackman The Journal of Agricultural Science 1924. doi:10.1017/s0021859600003440

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Electrified plots gave higher yields than controls in 14 of 18 field experiments with various crops.
Intervention effect Electrification decreased yields compared with controls in 4 of 18 field experiments.
Intervention effect Only 3 of the 14 positive results showed yield increases of less than 10 per cent.
Intervention effect 9 of the 14 positive results showed yield increases of 30 per cent or more.
Observation Ten of the 12 experiments with spring-sown cereals were positive.
Observation Two of the 12 experiments with spring-sown cereals were negative.
Intervention effect Electrification increased yield of spring-grown oats and barley by a mean of 22 per cent.
Intervention effect A beneficial effect of the discharge on clover-hay is probable.
Intervention effect In several cases electrified field crops showed a deeper green tint than the controls.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leafhoppers feeding on plants treated with Bordeaux mixture showed no decrease in numbers during the first 24 hours.

Taxon: potato and beane1
Treatment: plants treated with Bordeaux mixturee2
Interactor: Empoasca fabaeEmpoasca fabaee1pest
Outcome: decrease in numberse2
Direction: did not show any decreasee2
Value: 24-hour periode2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Experiments in the control of the potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae Harris, on both potato and bean show that treatments with pyrethrum extracts have an immediate action upon the leafhoppers but do not affect the individuals which hatch a few hours after treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–264

e2
“The leafhoppers which fed upon plants treated with Bordeaux mixture did not show any decrease in numbers for the first 24-hour period”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 266–399

Title

The Role of Bordeaux Mixture as a Leafhopper Insecticide

Dwight M. DeLong Journal of Economic Entomology 1929. doi:10.1093/jee/22.2.345

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Pyrethrum extracts had an immediate action upon the leafhoppers on potato and bean.
Intervention effect Pyrethrum extracts did not affect leafhoppers hatching a few hours after treatment.
Intervention effect After the first 24 hours, leafhopper numbers on Bordeaux mixture-treated plants declined gradually until none remained alive after 3 or 4 days.
Intervention effect Nymphs hatching after Bordeaux mixture treatment were also killed.
Intervention effect Leafhoppers thoroughly wetted with Bordeaux mixture were not affected.
Observation Copper from the Bordeaux mixture is absorbed by the plant.
Intervention effect Bordeaux mixture has a direct insecticidal action upon leafhoppers.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Dilution decreased infections in inoculated test plants.

Taxon: test plantse0
Treatment: dilution to a given extente0
Outcome: infectionse0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“dilution to a given extent causes a decrease in infections when inoculations are made into test plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 542–644

Title

Accuracy in Quantitative Work With Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Francis O. Holmes Botanical Gazette 1928. doi:10.1086/333873

Other claims from this paper (9)

Associationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

A temperature drop was usually followed by reduced or ceased growth.

Treatment: drop in temperaturee0
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: decreasee0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“A decided drop in temperature is usually followed by a decrease in or a cessation of growth.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 558–650

Title

Growth Studies in Forest Trees. III. Experiments with the Dendrograph on Fraxinus americana

J. Elton Lodewick Botanical Gazette 1925. doi:10.1086/333479

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource Dendrograph contact points and basal blocks did not distort ring width.
Intervention effect Desiccation of exposed phloem did not interfere with cambial activity.
Association Noon diameter depression was greatest when the tree was in full leaf.
Association Growth variation around the growing period was closely correlated with precipitation.
Observation First trunk-base xylem elements formed when leaf buds broke.
Observation Trunk-base xylem formation ceased about August 1.
Observation Phloem formation began about three weeks after initial wood formation.
Observation Phloem formation continued at least until defoliation on September 22.
Observation A ten-day rest period occurred in early June with no identified external correlate.
Method / resource The dendrograph registered less growth than cuttings.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Catalase decreased in the embryo of germinating wheat.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Organ / stage: embryoe0
Gene: catalasee0
Outcome: catalasee0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“There is a decrease of catalase in both the embryo and the endosperm of germinating wheat.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–357

Title

Divergence of Catalase and Respiration in Germination

Louisa E. Rhine Botanical Gazette 1924. doi:10.1086/333355

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Catalase decreased in early germination in six seed kinds.
Observation Catalase rose after its initial decrease during germination.
Observation Catalase slowly decreased almost to exhaustion in seeds soaked for a prolonged period in oxygen-free water.
Observation Catalase decreased in the endosperm of germinating wheat.
Observation Catalase subsequently rose in the wheat embryo.
Observation Catalase subsequently rose in the wheat endosperm to a much lesser extent.
Method / resource A respirometer permits repeated direct oxygen and carbon dioxide measurements on large samples.
Observation Respiration rose immediately when seeds were placed under germinating conditions.
Observation The early respiration curve diverged from the typical germination catalase curve.
Observation Catalase per unit wet weight decreased in ripening seeds.
Observation Catalase per unit dry weight decreased in ripening seeds.
Observation Catalase per ovule increased as seeds grew.
Observation Catalase per ovule decreased rapidly after seed ripening began as water content fell.
Mechanism Catalase production was indirectly connected with oxidation.
Mechanism The authors propose that hydrogen peroxide could stimulate catalase production.
Recommendation The authors recommend using catalase as a metabolic indicator only where respiration does not change rapidly.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Catalase decreased in the endosperm of germinating wheat.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Organ / stage: endosperme0
Gene: catalasee0
Outcome: catalasee0
Direction: decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“There is a decrease of catalase in both the embryo and the endosperm of germinating wheat.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 267–357

Title

Divergence of Catalase and Respiration in Germination

Louisa E. Rhine Botanical Gazette 1924. doi:10.1086/333355

Other claims from this paper (16)

Observation Catalase decreased in early germination in six seed kinds.
Observation Catalase rose after its initial decrease during germination.
Observation Catalase slowly decreased almost to exhaustion in seeds soaked for a prolonged period in oxygen-free water.
Observation Catalase decreased in the embryo of germinating wheat.
Observation Catalase subsequently rose in the wheat embryo.
Observation Catalase subsequently rose in the wheat endosperm to a much lesser extent.
Method / resource A respirometer permits repeated direct oxygen and carbon dioxide measurements on large samples.
Observation Respiration rose immediately when seeds were placed under germinating conditions.
Observation The early respiration curve diverged from the typical germination catalase curve.
Observation Catalase per unit wet weight decreased in ripening seeds.
Observation Catalase per unit dry weight decreased in ripening seeds.
Observation Catalase per ovule increased as seeds grew.
Observation Catalase per ovule decreased rapidly after seed ripening began as water content fell.
Mechanism Catalase production was indirectly connected with oxidation.
Mechanism The authors propose that hydrogen peroxide could stimulate catalase production.
Recommendation The authors recommend using catalase as a metabolic indicator only where respiration does not change rapidly.

“decrease in A”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics