Search claims · PlantClaims

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

At the fresh marsh, increased dead biomass in the absence of herbivory and in fertilized plots probably contributed to the decrease in species density.

Taxon: herbaceous plant communitiese1
Outcome: decrease in species densitye6
Qualifier: increased dead biomass in the absence of herbivory and in the fertilized plotse6
Setting: fresh marshe6

Verbatim

e1
“examine the effects of nutrient enrichment and sediment addition on herbaceous plant communities with and without vertebrate herbivory”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 265–399

e6
“At the fresh marsh, increased dead biomass in the absence of herbivory and in the fertilized plots probably contributed to the decrease in species density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 862–1016

Title

Herbivore Effects on Plant Species Density at Varying Productivity Levels

Laura Gough; James B. Grace Ecology 1998. doi:10.2307/176778

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Fertilization increased community biomass in all plots.
Intervention effect Fertilization decreased species density only in plots protected from herbivory.
Intervention effect Herbivory alone did not alter species density at either site.
Intervention effect At the brackish marsh, herbivory caused a shift in dominance in fertilized plots from a competitively dominant palatable species to a less palatable species.

Mechanismobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

CO2 enrichment caused an irreversible long-term decrease in stomatal conductance through reduced density.

Taxon: M. corymbosaMaranthes corymbosae1
Outcome: long-term, irreversible decline in g2e0
Direction: declinee0
Qualifier: decreased stomatal densitye0

Verbatim

e0
“a long-term, irreversible decline in g2 as a result of a decreased stomatal density.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1061–1145

e1
“M. corymbosa was more sensitive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 449–480

Title

Stomatal responses to a range of variables in two tropical tree species grown with CO₂enrichment

C.A. Berryman; D. Eamus; G.A. Duff Journal of Experimental Botany 1994. doi:10.1093/jxb/45.5.539

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased sensitivity of M. corymbosa stomatal conductance to leaf drying.
Intervention effect CO2 treatment did not influence the rate of stomatal conductance reduction in response to abscisic acid.
Intervention effect CO2 enrichment decreased the rate of stomatal conductance reduction in response to CaCl2.
Mechanism CO2 enrichment caused a reversible short-term decrease in stomatal conductance through reduced aperture.
Intervention effect CO2 enrichment did not alter E. tetrodonta stomatal response to LAVPD and internal CO2.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 decreased the slope of E. tetrodonta stomatal response to temperature.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 decreased E. tetrodonta equilibrium stomatal conductance at saturating light.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultsimulated

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in herbicide use with uncertainty is attributed to the convex relationship between weed density and yield loss.

Taxon: soybeansGlycine maxe1
Interactor: cockleburXanthium strumariume1weed
Outcome: The total amount of herbicide appliede4
Qualifier: convex relationship between weed density and yield losse5

Verbatim

e1
“In an application of cocklebur control in soybeans”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 245–295

e4
“Under both strategies, the total amount of herbicide applied decreases with increases in uncertainty under the assumption of risk neutrality”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 646–786

e5
“The result is due to the convex relationship between weed density and yield loss”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 788–868

Title

Weed Control Decision Rules under Uncertainty

William Deen; Alfons Weersink; Calum G. Turvey; et al. Review of Agricultural Economics 1993. doi:10.2307/1349710

Other claims from this paper (4)

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors propose opposing direct and K9-mediated shade effects on stomatal density.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt0
Compound: K9e0
Outcome: stomatal densitye0
Qualifier: a direct effect in which shade reduces numbers, and an indirect effect in which a decrease in K9 content allows an increase in stomatal densitye0

Verbatim

e0
“a direct effect in which shade reduces numbers, and an indirect effect in which a decrease in K9 content allows an increase in stomatal density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 911–1054

t0
“soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 78–85

Title

The effects of shading on kaempferol content and leaf characteristics of five soybean lines

B. R. Buttery; J. D. Gaynor; R. I. Buzzell; et al. Physiologia Plantarum 1992. doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.1992.860213.x

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Shade reduced leaf flavonoids per leaf and per area.
Intervention effect Shade did not affect stomatal density in K9-containing lines.
Intervention effect Shade reduced stomatal density in lines lacking K9.
Association K9 quantity was highly correlated with stomatal density across treatments.

Mechanismhypothesisoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

High bacterial death and low growth during storage may bring populations below infection density.

Taxon: chicoryCichorium intybuse0
Interactor: softrot bacteriae0pathogen
Outcome: bacterial populationse0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: high death rate combined with a low growth ratee0

Verbatim

e0
“During storage a high death rate combined with a low growth rate of the softrot bacteria may result in a decrease of bacterial populations below the minimum densities needed for infection during the forcing of chicory heads.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1547–1771

Title

Water and temperature relations of softrot bacteria: growth and disease development

B M SCHOBER; J C ZADOKS Annals of Applied Biology 1999. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1999.tb05235.x

Other claims from this paper (11)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early starch depletion and later reduced canopy NCER may contribute to adverse fruit development at greater flower bud density.

Taxon: Southern Highbush Blueberryt0
Outcome: detrimental effects of increased FBD on fruit developmente0
Qualifier: rapid depletion of starch reserves early in fruit development and the decrease in whole canopy NCER later in fruit developmente0

Verbatim

e0
“both the rapid depletion of starch reserves early in fruit development and the decrease in whole canopy NCER later in fruit development contribute to the detrimental effects of increased FBD on fruit development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1275–1486

t0
“Southern Highbush Blueberry”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 103–130

Title

Effects of Flower Bud Density on Vegetative and Reproductive Development and Carbohydrate Relations in Southern Highbush Blueberry

B.E. Maust; J.G. Williamson; R.L. Darnell Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 1999. doi:10.21273/jashs.124.5.532

Other claims from this paper (7)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in specific foliage area under elevated CO2 is attributed to thicker and denser foliage.

Taxon: Acacia melanoxylonAcacia melanoxylone0
Outcome: specific foliage areae1
Qualifier: an increase in foliage thickness and densitye1

Verbatim

e0
“The interactive effects of nitrate supply and atmospheric CO2 concentration on growth, N2 fixation, dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in the leguminous tree Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. were studied”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–197

e1
“Elevated CO2 also decreased specific foliage area, due to an increase in foliage thickness and density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1160–1262

Title

The impact of elevated atmospheric CO2 and nitrate supply on growth, biomass allocation, nitrogen partitioning and N2 fixation of Acacia melanoxylon

Marcus Schortemeyer; Owen K. Atkin; Nola McFarlane; et al. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 1999. doi:10.1071/pp99062

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Total plant dry mass of Acacia melanoxylon increased strongly with nitrate supply.
Intervention effect The proportion of nitrogen derived from air decreased with increasing nitrate supply in Acacia melanoxylon.
Observation Acacia melanoxylon fixed the same amount of nitrogen per unit nodule dry mass under ambient and elevated CO2.
Intervention effect CO2 concentration had no effect on the contribution of N2 fixation to the nitrogen yield of Acacia melanoxylon.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 plants with at least 50 mmol m–3 N had approximately twice the dry mass of ambient CO2 plants after 42 days.
Intervention effect Net CO2 assimilation per unit leaf area of Acacia melanoxylon was higher under elevated CO2.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 decreased specific foliage area of Acacia melanoxylon.
Association Dry matter partitioning between plant organs of Acacia melanoxylon was affected by ontogeny and nitrogen status.
Intervention effect CO2 concentration did not change dry matter partitioning between plant organs of Acacia melanoxylon.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 partitioned more of the nitrogen of Acacia melanoxylon to roots.
Mechanism Reduced foliar nitrogen concentration under elevated CO2 could explain the greater nitrogen partitioning to roots.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in total biomass under heterogeneity is apparently due to more small plants in the population.

Taxon: Abutilon theophrastiAbutilon theophrastie0
Outcome: total biomasse4
Qualifier: an increase in the number of small plants in the populatione6

Verbatim

e0
“examine the effects of spatial nutrient heterogeneity and planting density on the sizes of plants within populations of Abutilon theophrasti”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 37–177

e4
“heterogeneity resulted in decreased total biomass and an increase in the coefficient of variation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1192–1289

e6
“apparently due to an increase in the number of small plants in the population”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1291–1368

Title

Population‐level responses to nutrient heterogeneity and density by Abutilon theophrasti (Malvaceae): an experimental neighborhood approach

Brenda B. Casper; James F. Cahill American Journal of Botany 1998. doi:10.2307/2446501

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Plants in seven of ten locations were smaller at the higher planting density.
Intervention effect Higher density reduced mean plant biomass in Abutilon theophrasti populations.
Intervention effect Higher density increased total biomass of Abutilon theophrasti populations.
Intervention effect Higher density increased the coefficient of variation in biomass, a measure of size inequality.
Intervention effect Spatial distribution of nutrients affected plant size in only two of the ten locations.
Intervention effect Heterogeneity decreased total biomass compared with homogeneous soils.
Intervention effect Heterogeneity increased the coefficient of variation in biomass compared with homogeneous soils.
Intervention effect Fine root biomass increased in nutrient-enriched patches of Abutilon theophrasti.
Mechanism Most plants on heterogeneous soils were able to access nutrient patches.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The proton decrease was interpreted as loss of water mobility or fluid filling of air spaces.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxt0
Outcome: loss of water mobilitye0
Qualifier: filling of intercellular air spaces with fluide0

Verbatim

e0
“This result is interpreted as being caused by a loss of water mobility (i.e. increase in viscosity) or a filling of intercellular air spaces with fluid (i.e. loss of air‐water interfaces).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–906

t0
“soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 45–52

Title

Proton density and apoplastic domains within soybean nodules in relation to the oxygen diffusion barrier

S.M. BROWN; J.A. CHUDEK; G. HUNTER; et al. Plant Cell & Environment 1997. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.1997.tb00678.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Short-echo imaging detected greater proton intensity in infected tissue and vascular strands than cortex.
Association Longer echo time was associated with relatively low infected-tissue proton intensity.
Observation Infected-tissue protons had a short T 2.
Intervention effect Detopping decreased proton intensity exponentially in the inner cortex–outer infected region.
Intervention effect Ar:O 2 root treatment decreased proton intensity exponentially in the inner cortex–outer infected region.
Intervention effect Tracer entered infected nodule regions of intact detopped plants.
Intervention effect Tracer entered infected nodule regions of intact Ar:O 2 treated plants.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors infer increased thylakoid proton gradient and decreased photophosphorylation under highest Pb.

Taxon: sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Treatment: highest Pb concentratione0
Outcome: increase in proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane and a decrease of photophosphorylatione0

Verbatim

e0
“The highest Pb concentration in the nutrient solution induced, however, at saturating photon flux density (PFD) a decrease in photochemical quenching and in the efficiency of PSll electron transport and significantly affected nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching, indicating an increase in proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane and a decrease of photophosphorylation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 895–1273

t0
“sunflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–34

t1
“sunflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 25–34

Title

Effect of excess lead on sunflower growth and photosynthesis

R Kastori; M. Plesničar; Z. Sakač; et al. Journal of Plant Nutrition 1998. doi:10.1080/01904169809365384

Other claims from this paper (9)

Association Plant Pb content rose with Pb concentration in the nutrient medium.
Observation Pb accumulation was greater in roots than stems and leaves.
Intervention effect High leaf Pb concentration reduced plant dry mass and height.
Intervention effect Lead treatment markedly reduced chlorophyll content.
Intervention effect Lead treatment caused smaller decreases in photosynthetic oxygen evaluation and PSII efficiency at low light.
Mechanism The authors interpret lead as reducing rather than destroying the photosynthetic apparatus.
Intervention effect The highest Pb concentration decreased photochemical quenching at saturating PFD.
Intervention effect The highest Pb concentration decreased efficiency of PSll electron transport at saturating PFD.
Intervention effect The highest Pb concentration significantly affected nonphotochemical fluorescence quenching.

“decrease in density”

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