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“decrease in A”

19,582 matches

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plus 6,690 non-evaluative

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1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

plus 246 earlier · 1890s–1940s

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Cool conditions lowered switchgrass mean light saturated photosynthetic rate relative to warm conditions.

Taxon: switchgrassPanicum virgatume0
Material: Alamoe0
Treatment: 14/12°C day/nighte0
Outcome: mean light saturated photosynthetic ratee0
Direction: lowere0
Value: 10.3 μmol m−2s−1e0
Comparator: 28/25°Ce0

Verbatim

e0
“The ability to attain the feedstock production goal in the USA for biofuel production is limited by available arable land, cool temperatures, and periods of low light intensity. This study investigates the effects of warm and cool temperatures growth conditions in a low light regime on the photosynthesis and growth of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum cv. Alamo) and giant miscanthus (Miscanthus giganteus). Alamo switchgr…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1296

Title

Cool temperature effects on photosynthetic parameters of two biomass fuel feedstocks in a low light intensity environment

Jackson LB Mitchell; Matthew Halter; C. Neal Stewart Jr.; et al. Biofuels 2014. doi:10.1080/17597269.2014.1002993

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Cool conditions lowered switchgrass growth relative to warm conditions.
Observation Alamo switchgrass did not acclimate to low light.
Observation Giant miscanthus photosynthesis acclimated to low light.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus quantum requirement.
Intervention effect Cool conditions did not significantly decrease giant miscanthus light saturated photosynthetic rates.
Observation Giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis were more tolerant of cool temperature than switchgrass.
Intervention effect Low radiation severely limited giant miscanthus growth and photosynthesis.
Observation Switchgrass maintained higher growth than miscanthus under low radiation.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: salt intensitye3
Outcome: RDWe0
Direction: increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“The same increase was observed in RDW of +M plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 866–916

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In the loamy sand soil (S2), biogas manure was more efficient than filter cake in increasing P and K uptake in barley grains.

Taxon: Hordum vulgaree0
Material: Giza 123e0
Organ / stage: grainse7
Treatment: biogas manuree7
Outcome: P and K uptake in barley grainse7
Direction: more efficiente7
Qualifier: In the case of the loamy sand soil (S2)e7
Comparator: filter cakee7
Setting: greenhousee1

Verbatim

e0
“Barely plant (Hordum vulgare cv. Giza 123) was used as an indicator plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 714–787

e1
“A pot experiment was carried out at the greenhouse of Soils and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Egypt”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 346–475

e7
“In the case of the sandy loam soil (S1), biogas manure was more efficient than filter cake in increasing nutrients uptake in barley grains except for P uptake where filter cake was more efficient than biogas manure in this respect. In the case of the loamy sand soil (S2) biogas manure, also, was more efficient than filter cake in increasing P and K uptake in barley grains, whereas, both amendments decreased N uptake …” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2550–3128

Title

Effect of applying filter cake and biogas manures on improving some desertic soil properties and their implications on plants grown thereon. II. Implications on plant growth

esmat Noufal Annals of Agricultural Science Moshtohor 2018. doi:10.21608/assjm.2018.214709

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Increasing the rate of biogas manure and filter cake application significantly increased the number of tillers and spikes per pot of barley.
Intervention effect Increasing the rate of biogas manure and filter cake application significantly decreased plant height of barley.
Intervention effect Filter cake was more efficient than biogas manure in increasing tillers and spikes of barley in the pot experiment.
Intervention effect Biogas manure and filter cake significantly increased straw and grain yields of barley in the sandy loam soil (S1).
Intervention effect Biogas manure and filter cake significantly increased straw yield of barley in the loamy sand soil (S2).
Intervention effect Biogas manure and filter cake significantly decreased grain yield of barley in the loamy sand soil (S2).
Intervention effect Increasing the rate of biogas manure and filter cake application increased N, P and K uptake in barley straw.
Intervention effect Biogas manure and filter cake differed significantly in their effect on N, P and K uptake in barley straw.
Intervention effect Increasing the rate of the applied amendment increased nutrient uptake in barley grains, except N uptake on the loamy sand soil (S2).
Intervention effect Increasing the application rate decreased N uptake in barley grains on the loamy sand soil (S2).
Intervention effect In the sandy loam soil (S1), biogas manure was more efficient than filter cake in increasing nutrient uptake in barley grains.
Intervention effect In the sandy loam soil (S1), filter cake was more efficient than biogas manure in increasing P uptake in barley grains.
Intervention effect Both amendments decreased N uptake in barley in the loamy sand soil (S2) compared with no amendment.
Intervention effect The decrease in N uptake was larger with filter cake than with biogas manure in the loamy sand soil (S2).
Intervention effect Biogas manure and filter cake differed significantly in their effect on straw and grain yields of barley.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: Mycorrhizal (+M)e0
Interactor: Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
Outcome: root and shoot biomasse0
Direction: greatere0
Comparator: non-mycorrhizal (-M)e0

Verbatim

e0
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: salt stress levelse0
Outcome: LDWe0
Direction: not affectede0
Comparator: controle3

Verbatim

e0
“LDW was not affected by salt stress levels”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 923–965

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verae0
Interactor: Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
Outcome: tolerance to salt stresse0
Direction: improvede0

Verbatim

e0
“pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1155–1229

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Outcome: higher levels of salinity should be investigatede0

Verbatim

e0
“higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1337–1435

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Initial exposure to 12 °C increased SOD activity, free proline, and MDA content.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativust0
Treatment: 12 °Ce1
Outcome: activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), enlarge the content of free proline and the final product of lipid peroxidation (LPO) – malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
Direction: promotee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“promote the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), enlarge the content of free proline and the final product of lipid peroxidation (LPO) – malondialdehyde (MDA)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 359–543

t0
“THE RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER PLANTS TO LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACTS OF VARYING INTENSITY”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–79

e1
“We studied the response of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) of the hybrid F1 Zozulya to 3‑day exposure to low positive temperatures of different intensities (12 °C and 4 °C). It was found that at initial phases of the impact low hardening (12 °C) and damaging (4 °C) temperatures inhibit the process of accumulation of cotyledons’ wet and dry biomass, promote the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dis…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1089

Title

THE RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER PLANTS TO LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACTS OF VARYING INTENSITY

Анна Анатольевна Игнатенко (Фенько); Наталья Сергеевна Репкина; Александр Федорович Титов; et al. Proceedings of the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2016. doi:10.17076/eb440

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Initial exposure to 12 °C inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 4 °C inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 4 °C increased SOD activity, free proline, and MDA content.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C restarted growth.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C further increased leaf SOD activity and free proline.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C promoted cold tolerance.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days irreversibly inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days significantly increased MDA and free proline.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days decreased SOD activity and cold tolerance.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days eventually damaged and killed seedlings.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Initial exposure to 4 °C increased SOD activity, free proline, and MDA content.

Taxon: cucumberCucumis sativust0
Treatment: 4 °Ce1
Outcome: activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), enlarge the content of free proline and the final product of lipid peroxidation (LPO) – malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
Direction: promotee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“promote the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), enlarge the content of free proline and the final product of lipid peroxidation (LPO) – malondialdehyde (MDA)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 359–543

t0
“THE RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER PLANTS TO LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACTS OF VARYING INTENSITY”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–79

e1
“We studied the response of cucumber seedlings (Cucumis sativus L.) of the hybrid F1 Zozulya to 3‑day exposure to low positive temperatures of different intensities (12 °C and 4 °C). It was found that at initial phases of the impact low hardening (12 °C) and damaging (4 °C) temperatures inhibit the process of accumulation of cotyledons’ wet and dry biomass, promote the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dis…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–1089

Title

THE RESPONSE OF CUCUMBER PLANTS TO LOW TEMPERATURE IMPACTS OF VARYING INTENSITY

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Initial exposure to 12 °C inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 4 °C inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Initial exposure to 12 °C increased SOD activity, free proline, and MDA content.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C restarted growth.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C further increased leaf SOD activity and free proline.
Intervention effect Extended three-day exposure to 12 °C promoted cold tolerance.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days irreversibly inhibited cotyledon wet and dry biomass accumulation.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days significantly increased MDA and free proline.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days decreased SOD activity and cold tolerance.
Intervention effect Exposure to 4 °C for one to three days eventually damaged and killed seedlings.

Associationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verat0
Treatment: salt intensitye0
Outcome: SDWe0
Direction: increasede0
Qualifier: especially in the first harvesting datee0

Verbatim

e0
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–864

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

t0
“pistachio”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 62–71

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Observation The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

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“decrease in A”

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