Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungal spores germinated in soil, formed adhesive knobs and parasitized nearby free-living nematodes.

Taxon: D. phymatopagaDactylellina phymatopagae0
Interactor: free living nematodese0other
Outcome: germinate in soil with formation of adhesive sessile knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“spores of D. phymatopaga frequently germinate in soil with formation of adhesive sessile knobs on their germ lings, capturing and parasitizing nearby free living nematodes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 823–994

Title

Evaluation of nematophagous and biocontrol efficacy of Dactylellina phymatopaga against Meloidogyne graminicola on rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Dharmendra Kumar Biological Control 2023. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2023.105425

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Fungal isolates trapped and paralyzed up to 98.8 % of nematode juveniles within 120 h in vitro.
Intervention effect Applying the fungus reduced rice root gall number significantly.
Intervention effect Applying the fungus reduced developing nematode number in rice roots significantly.
Intervention effect Applying the fungus reduced developing nematode biomass in rice roots significantly.
Intervention effect Fungal application increased rice plant health relative to infested soil.
Intervention effect Application seven days before sowing showed the highest biocontrol ability and decreased nematode biomass in rice roots.
Intervention effect Application seven days before sowing decreased the nematode-to-root biomass ratio.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The nematode has a robust stylet measuring 12.0-13.5 μ m with large rounded knobs.

Taxon: Cotylenchus cleoCotylenchus cleot0
Outcome: robust stylete0
Value: 12.0-13.5 μ me0
Qualifier: large and rounded knobse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“robust stylet (12.0-13.5 μ m) with large and rounded knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 508–566

t0
“Cotylenchus cleo”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–16

Title

Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., a new plant-parasitic nematode (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) parasitising on leaves of western sword fern plants from rainforests in Washington State, USA

Sergio Álvarez-Ortega; Sergei A. Subbotin Nematology 2024. doi:10.1163/15685411-bja10325

Other claims from this paper (9)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

0B individuals had more and larger heterochromatic knobs than individuals with higher B chromosome doses.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0
Outcome: heterochromatic knobse1
Direction: more numerous and largere1
Comparator: those with higher doses of Bse1

Verbatim

e0
“In maize, we studied”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–20

e1
“The heterochromatic knobs, detected by DAPI staining, were more numerous and larger in individuals 0B than in those with higher doses of Bs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 708–847

Title

Intragenomic Conflict between Knob Heterochromatin and B Chromosomes Is the Key to Understand Genome Size Variation along Altitudinal Clines in Maize

Graciela Esther González; Lidia Poggio Plants 2021. doi:10.3390/plants10091859

Other claims from this paper (6)

Association Bolivian maize B chromosome frequencies ranged from 16.6 to 81.8 and rose with altitude.
Observation B chromosomes numbered from 1 to 5 in Bolivian populations.
Observation The 2C values of 0B individuals ranged from 4.73 to 7.71 pg.
Association A-DNA decreased with increasing altitude in Bolivian and NWA landraces.
Association Knobs became fewer and smaller with increasing altitude.
Association Knob heterochromatin and B chromosomes showed a negative association.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inhibitory rhizosphere fungi formed coils, loops, knobs and haustoria at inhibition zones.

Taxon: TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt1
Interactor: inhibitory rhizospheric fungal speciese0biocontrol_agent
Outcome: coils, loops, knobs, and haustoriae0

Verbatim

e0
“Microscopic observations of inhibition zones between two colonies showed the presence of coils, loops, knobs, and haustoria, formed by inhibitory rhizospheric fungal species.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2653–2827

t1
“Rhizospheric Fungal spp. of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–60

Title

Rhizospheric Fungal spp. of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and Their Effect on Tomato Plant Growth and on Alternaria solani, the Causative Agent of Early Blight of Tomato

Deshappriya N.; Fernando W.C.J.O.; Fernando M.S.W. Proceedings of International Forestry and Environment Symposium 2024. doi:10.31357/fesympo.v27.6554

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Twenty-seven rhizosphere fungal genera were isolated.
Observation Trichoderma and Penicillium were frequently isolated genera.
Observation Four isolates had the highest phosphate solubilizing abilities.
Intervention effect T. purpureogenus significantly increased all evaluated tomato growth parameters.
Intervention effect P. lilacinum significantly increased all evaluated tomato growth parameters.
Intervention effect Eupenicillium sp. produced the highest inhibition of A. solani colony growth.
Observation Four fungal isolates were the highest chitinase producers.
Observation P. lilacinum was the highest glucanase producer.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Flagella number peaked at 90.83 knobs·m −2 after six years.

Taxon: Phyllostachys edulisPhyllostachys edulist0
Organ / stage: rhizomee0
Outcome: flagella numbere0
Direction: moste0
Value: 90.83 knobs·m −2e0

Verbatim

t0
“Phyllostachys edulis”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 91–111

e0
“flagella number, the number of the weak buds and bifurcated rhizomes (4.42 roots·m −2 , 90.83 knobs·m −2 , 15.33 each·m −2, 2.75 each·m −2 ) were the most after 6 years of enclosure”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 642–823

Title

Morphology and nutrient content of bamboo rhizomes: Responses to enclosure succession in a Phyllostachys edulis forest in Wuyi Mountains, China

Xing Cai; Rui Cheng; Zhenhua Chen; et al. Forest Ecology and Management 2025. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2025.122928

Other claims from this paper (19)

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The B drive mechanism causes detrimental effects through adherence of heterochromatic knobs and A centromeres at the mitosis preceding sperm development

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: detrimental effectse5
Qualifier: adherence of heterochromatic knobs and apparently A centromeres at the mitosis preceding sperm developmente5

Verbatim

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–72

e5
“Collectively, the results reveal two backgrounds in which the B drive mechanism is not confined to this chromosome causing detrimental effects by adherence of heterochromatic knobs and apparently A centromeres at the mitosis preceding sperm development”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1148–1400

Title

Aneuploidy and ploidy variation conditioned by the B chromosome of maize

Patrice S. Albert; Hua Yang; Zhi Gao; et al. Heredity 2025. doi:10.1038/s41437-025-00764-y

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The most abundant satellite repeats in both haplotypes occur outside centromeres and form heterochromatic knobs.

Taxon: Populus tremula × P. albaPopulus tremulat0
Gene: PtaM147e0
Outcome: satellite repeatse0
Value: 147 bpe0
Qualifier: frequently span >1 megabasese0

Verbatim

e0
“the most abundant satellite repeats in both haplotypes lie outside of the centromeres, consist of a 147 bp monomer PtaM147, frequently span >1 megabases, and form heterochromatic knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 707–891

t0
“Populus tremula × P. alba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 38–63

Title

Haplotype‐resolved genome assembly of Populus tremula × P. alba reveals aspen‐specific megabase satellite DNA

Ran Zhou; Jerry W Jenkins; Yibing Zeng; et al. The Plant Journal 2023. doi:10.1111/tpj.16454

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Challenger treated with 70% NPK plus 6 kg/ha biofertilizer showed a 36.47% increase in fresh weight of knobs compared with untreated Challenger.

Taxon: KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodest0
Material: Challengere0
Treatment: a combination of 70% NPK and 6 kg/ha of biofertilizere0
Outcome: fresh weight of knobse1
Direction: increasee1
Value: 36.47%e1
Comparator: untreated Challenger varietye0

Verbatim

t0
“Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 40–86

e0
“The Challenger variety, when treated with a combination of 70% NPK and 6 kg/ha of biofertilizer, exhibited significant enhancements in various parameters compared to the untreated Challenger variety”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1003–1201

e1
“a 36.47% increase in fresh weight of knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1213–1255

Title

Enhancing Growth, Yield, and Quality of Kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa L.) with Biofertilizers: A Sustainable Approach for Reducing Chemical Fertilizer Dependency

Aklima Khatun; Thamina Akter; Minhazul Kashem Chowdhury; et al. South Asian Journal of Agriculture 2025. doi:10.3329/saja.v10i1.80236

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

The combined treatment produced knob protein content of 21.48%.

Outcome: knobs content of proteine0
Value: 21.48%e0

Not reportedTaxonTreatmentComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“the knobs content of protein 21.48%”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1406–1441

Title

Efficiency of Nano-chitosan and Azotobacter on growth and yield of kohlrabi plant

hayder AbdulMunem turk; Mahmood Talib Mahmood; Mazin Mossa Abid Ameen; et al. Tikrit Journal for Agricultural Sciences 2025. doi:10.25130/tjas.25.3.13

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect The combined treatment produced superior plant length of 60 cm.
Intervention effect The combined treatment produced 21.67 leaves per plant.
Intervention effect The combined treatment produced leaf chlorophyll content of 77.59 mg 100 g -1.
Intervention effect The combined treatment produced knob weight of 278.9 g.
Intervention effect The combined treatment produced total yield of 14.87 ton . h -1.
Intervention effect The combined treatment produced nitrogen content of 3.43%.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fungal stromal knobs formed against apple epidermal cells one day after penetration.

Taxon: AppleMalus domesticat0
Outcome: formation of knob-like structures of the fungal stroma appressed to epidermal cellse0
Value: 1 daye0

Verbatim

e0
“formation of knob-like structures of the fungal stroma appressed to epidermal cells as early as 1 day after host penetration”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 288–412

t0
“Apple”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 19–24

Title

The Hemibiotrophic Apple Scab Fungus Venturia inaequalis Induces a Biotrophic Interface but Lacks a Necrotrophic Stage

Ulrike Steiner; Erich-Christian Oerke Journal of Fungi 2024. doi:10.3390/jof10120831

Other claims from this paper (10)

“knobs”

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