Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Nutrient density unit under ORD did not decrease significantly.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Outcome: nutrient density unit (NDU)e0
Direction: did not decreasee0

Verbatim

e0
“its nutrient density unit (NDU) did not decrease significantly due to the additional duck yield”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 540–635

t0
“rice–duck coculture”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 93–112

Title

Transforming agrifood systems in a win–win for health and environment: evidence from organic rice–duck coculture

Hui Gao; Linxiu Dai; Qiang Xu; et al. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2022. doi:10.1002/jsfa.12282

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Rice yield under ORD was slightly lower than CR.
Observation ORD carbon footprint per NDU was 24.3% lower than OR.
Observation ORD carbon footprint per NDU was 5.8% higher than CR, without statistical significance.
Observation ORD carbon footprint per economic profit was reduced by 47.1-75.7% versus the other farming modes.
Observation ORD net ecosystem economic budget increased by 98.5-341.9%.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Soil inoculum density did not significantly decrease from 1 to 12 months after incorporation.

Outcome: soil inoculum densitye0
Direction: not a significant decreasee0
Comparator: 1 and 12 monthse0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“Regardless of treatment, there was not a significant decrease in soil inoculum density between 1 and 12 months after residue was incorporated”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 766–907

Title

Survival of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae on Crop Residue in Soil

Kelley R. Paugh; Thomas R. Gordon Plant Disease 2020. doi:10.1094/pdis-07-20-1464-re

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Fragmenting and oven drying infested lettuce taproots reduced pathogen recovery relative to untreated tissue.
Intervention effect Field drying before incorporation did not significantly reduce pathogen survival after one year.
Intervention effect Fragmenting residue before incorporation increased pathogen inoculum density after one year.
Association Increased inoculum was associated with faster residue decomposition.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

December NSC concentration remained high and did not decrease significantly under high forest density.

Taxon: Vitex negundo Var. heterophyllaVitex negundo var. heterophyllat0
Outcome: NSC concentratione0
Direction: did not significantly decreasee0
Qualifier: in Decembere0

Verbatim

e0
“the NSC concentration in December remained at a high level and did not significantly decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1073–1166

t0
“Vitex negundo Var. heterophylla”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 83–114

Title

Seasonal dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in new twigs and old branches of Vitex negundo Var. heterophylla under three densities of Robinia pseudoacacia forests

Ning Wang; Hongliang Ji; Qiang Li; et al. BMC Plant Biology 2025. doi:10.1186/s12870-025-06500-2

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Defoliation up to 33.3% at R3 caused no significant yield decline at any density.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Treatment: defoliation of up to 33.3% at R3e0
Outcome: grain yielde0
Direction: no significant decreasee0
Qualifier: regardless of the plant densitye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The soybean tolerate defoliation of up to 33.3% at R3 with no significant decrease in grain yield, regardless of the plant density.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1124–1255

Title

Soybean tolerance to defoliation at the beginning of pod formation as affected by plant density

Murilo Miguel Durli; Luis Sangoi; Clovis Arruda Souza; et al. Revista CERES 2022. doi:10.1590/0034-737x202269040004

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observation Grain yield ranged from 4,219 to 5,356 kg ha -1 in 2016/2017.
Observation Grain yield ranged from 3,732 to 5,186 kg ha -1 in 2017/2018.
Association Plant density did not alter the yield response to defoliation.
Intervention effect Defoliation of 16.6% increased yield by 7.5% in 2016/2017.
Intervention effect Defoliation of 16.6% increased yield by 5.6% in 2017/2018.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

No significant decrease in photosynthesis ability of the fourth leaf or chlorophyll content was seen under 12 plants m −2 compared with 7.5 plants m −2.

Taxon: cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
Organ / stage: fourth leavee0
Treatment: 12 plants m −2e1
Outcome: photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll contente0
Direction: no significant decreasee1
Comparator: 7.5 plants m −2e1

Verbatim

e0
“The photosynthesis ability of the fourth leave and chlorophyll content both decreased with increasing plant density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1612–1727

e1
“but no significant decrease was observed under 12 plants m −2 compared to 7.5 plants m −2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1729–1818

t0
“high density cotton”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 82–101

Title

Optimized canopy photosynthetic capacity increases sink/source ratio and yield of high density cotton sowed after wheat harvest

Yuan Chen; Chengzhi Xie; Shu Dong; et al. Industrial Crops and Products 2025. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121568

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

HDOM-W did not significantly decrease wheat germination relative to chopped wheat straw.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume0
Treatment: HDOM- We0
Outcome: wheat germination ratee0
Direction: not significantly decreasede0
Comparator: CWSe0

Verbatim

e0
“compared to CWS, wheat germination rate was not significantly decreased in the HDOM- W treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 752–848

Title

Application of various high- density organic materials in soil promotes germination and increases nutrient content of wheat

Ting Fan; Yulin Zhang; Xudong Wang; et al. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2023. doi:10.1016/j.eti.2023.103298

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect HDOM-WS increased wheat biomass by 137.9%.
Intervention effect HDOM-WS increased wheat total N concentration by 137.1%.
Intervention effect HDOM-WS increased wheat P concentration by 141.8%.
Intervention effect HDOM-WB increased wheat K concentration by 39.7%.
Recommendation The authors recommend returning various organic wastes as HDOM to improve soil fertility.

Associationobservedreview summarypositivenot significant (as stated)basis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Summer ETc could reach 0.45 without significantly decreasing oil productivity.

Taxon: oliveOlea europaeat0
Treatment: 0.45 in the summere0
Outcome: oil productivitye0
Direction: without a significant decreasee0
Value: 0.45e0

Verbatim

e0
“could fall as low as 0.45 in the summer without a significant decrease in oil productivity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1315–1405

t0
“Olive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 31–36

Title

Sustainability of High-Density Olive Orchards: Hints for Irrigation Management and Agroecological Approaches

Justino Sobreiro; Maria Isabel Patanita; Manuel Patanita; et al. Water 2023. doi:10.3390/w15132486

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Reviewed olive crop ETc ranged from 0.65 to 0.70.
Recommendation Intermediate deficit irrigation, including RDI or PRD, was reported as effective.
Observation Irrigation enables cover crops, non-tillage, and recycling of pruning residues.
Intervention effect These practices reduce soil erosion and nutrient leaching.
Intervention effect These practices improve soil organic carbon by 2 to 3 t C ha−1 year−1.
Observation Biodiversity of plants and animals generally increases under these practices.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Root number did not differ significantly among XY, FM and DK.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Material: XY, FM and DKe0
Outcome: number of rootse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“The difference in the number of roots of XY, FM and DK were not significant, so change in variety did not alleviate the decrease in the number of roots.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1095–1247

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 102–107

Title

Planting Density and Variety Modulated Root and Leaf Characteristics to Improve Grain Yield of Spring Maize

Qinglong Yang; Xiwen Shao; Yujun Cao; et al. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 2020. doi:10.17957/ijab/15.1636

Other claims from this paper (11)

Association Increasing density increased leaf area index.
Association Increasing density reduced individual leaf area and net photosynthetic rate.
Intervention effect At 0–20 cm, root dry matter fell by 55.88% at D2 versus D1.
Intervention effect At 0–20 cm, root dry matter fell by 80.92% at D3 versus D1.
Intervention effect Root number fell by 31.18% at D2 versus D1.
Intervention effect Root number fell by 38.71% at D3 versus D1.
Association Yield and dry matter per plant declined as density increased.
Association Yield and dry matter per hectare rose from D1 to D2 and flattened from D2 to D3.
Intervention effect Two-year mean yield per plant decreased 34.10% at D2 versus D1.
Intervention effect Two-year mean yield per plant decreased 51.87% at D3 versus D1.
Recommendation The authors recommend approximately 60,000 plants ha-1 for spring maize yield.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

No differences in soil properties were detected between compost and composted biochar treatments.

Taxon: PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: composted biochare4
Direction: no differencese4
Comparator: composte4

Not reportedOutcome

Verbatim

t0
“Improves Potato Growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–116

e4
“Relative to an unamended control, the high application rates tended to decrease bulk density and increase total N in soil, but no differences were detected between the compost or composted biochar treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1133–1340

Title

Biochar-Poultry Manure Compost Alters Temperature and Nitrogen Dynamics during Composting and Improves Potato Growth Following Field Application

Nathan E. Stacey; Thida Tea; Steven S. Seefeldt; et al. Compost Science & Utilization 2024. doi:10.1080/1065657x.2024.2366795

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Compost with 40% biochar addition reduced N loss from the compost mass compared to the control, to 29.9%.
Intervention effect Compost with 20% biochar addition reduced N loss from the compost mass compared to the control, to 32.3%.
Intervention effect Biochar addition caused a more rapid temperature increase during composting.
Intervention effect Biochar addition truncated the thermophilic phase of composting.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had greater NO3--N concentration.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had lower electrical conductivity.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had greater carbon to nitrogen ratio.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had greater total carbon content.
Intervention effect Application of composted biochar at 40% increased potato tuber weight by 40% relative to an unamended control.
Intervention effect High application rates of compost tended to decrease soil bulk density relative to an unamended control.
Intervention effect High application rates of compost tended to increase total N in soil relative to an unamended control.
Intervention effect Assuming no N was lost from the added biochar, the difference in N loss was not significant at P = 0.100.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Floral resource abundance did not change significantly with restoration age.

Taxon: Conservation Reserve Program plantingst0
Outcome: floral resource abundancese0
Direction: did not changee0
Setting: increasing restoration agee1

Verbatim

e0
“floral resource abundances did not change significantly”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–1221

e1
“Despite the decrease in forb density with increasing restoration age, floral resource abundances did not change significantly”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1096–1221

t0
“Conservation Reserve Program plantings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–127

Title

Diverse seed mix with green manure and alternating grass/forb rows promotes diversity of Conservation Reserve Program plantings in central and eastern Montana, United States

Drew A. Scott; John R. Hendrickson; Brett L. Allen; et al. Restoration Ecology 2025. doi:10.1111/rec.70199

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resource Both plant abundance methods showed similar patterns.
Intervention effect Adding sown species raised planting diversity.
Association Dry early spring after planting corresponded to lower initial diversity.
Association Plantings established after dry early spring showed stronger diversity gains with age.
Association Grass density increased with restoration age.
Association Forb density decreased with restoration age.
Method / resource A frequency grid reliably estimated plant density.

“decrease in density”

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