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“magnitude of decrease”

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Inbreeding depression tended to be smaller under robbing than under netting.

Taxon: Comastoma pulmonariumComastoma pulmonariume0
Treatment: robbing conditionse1
Outcome: the magnitude of IDe1
Direction: decreasee1
Comparator: nettinge1

Verbatim

e0
“Comastoma pulmonarium produced seeds via selfing at the study site”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 490–556

e1
“in comparison with netting, the magnitude of ID under robbing conditions tended to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 816–907

Title

Better than nothing: Evolution of autonomous selfing under strong inbreeding depression in an alpine annual from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

Chan ZHANG; Guo‐Ying ZHOU; Yong‐Ping YANG; et al. Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2014. doi:10.1111/jse.12082

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observation Comastoma pulmonarium produced seeds via selfing at the study site.
Observation No pollinator was observed at the study site.
Observation The nectar was consumed exclusively by nectar robbers.
Observation Inbreeding depression occurred in seed mass and germination.
Observation Cumulative inbreeding depression was much higher than 0.5 under both netting and robbing conditions.
Observation Selfing could assure reproduction under complete pollinator failure and strong inbreeding depression.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Phlorizin prevented the ADP-associated ΔpH decrease.

Treatment: phlorizine0
Outcome: this decreasee0
Direction: preventede0

Not reportedTaxonComparator

Verbatim

e0
“In the presence of arsenate, ΔpH was decreased by ADP up to 0.4 unit and this decrease was prevented by phlorizin, an energy transfer inhibitor.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 532–676

Title

Effects of Adenine Nucleotides and of Photophosphorylation on H+ Uptake and the Magnitude of the H+ Gradient in Illuminated Chloroplasts

Archie R. Portis; Richard E. McCarty Journal of Biological Chemistry 1974. doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42246-1

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Saturating ADP with arsenate decreased steady-state H+ uptake in illuminated chloroplasts.
Intervention effect ATP or ADP without arsenate enhanced the light-induced chloroplast H+ gradient by 0.15 to 0.2 unit.
Intervention effect ADP with arsenate decreased ΔpH by up to 0.4 unit.
Association With reduced light intensity or added uncoupler, phosphorylation rates fell faster than ΔpH.
Association A 0.3 to 0.34 unit decrease in ΔpH accompanied a 10-fold decrease in phosphorylation rate.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Ammonium sulfate produced a larger soil pH decrease than urea.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativat0
Treatment: ammonium sulfatee0
Outcome: pH decreasee0
Direction: greatere0
Comparator: ureae0

Verbatim

e0
“the magnitude of the pH decrease was greater by ammonium sulfate than by urea”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 589–666

t0
“Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–89

Title

Influence of Urea and Ammonium Sulfate on Soil Acidity Indices in Lowland Rice Production

N. K. Fageria; A. B. dos Santos; M. F. Moraes Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2010. doi:10.1080/00103624.2010.485237

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Urea and ammonium sulfate fertilization significantly influenced rice grain yield.
Intervention effect Soil pH decreased linearly under ammonium sulfate and urea application.
Intervention effect Higher nitrogen rates decreased soil calcium and magnesium saturations relative to low rates.
Association Increasing nitrogen rates increased soil aluminum and acidity saturation.
Intervention effect Ammonium sulfate raised the soil acidity indices more than urea.
Association Rice grain yield was negatively associated with soil pH and Ca and Mg saturation.
Association Rice grain yield was negatively associated with soil base saturation.
Association Rice grain yield was positively associated with aluminum and acidity saturation.
Observation The authors interpret rice as tolerant of soil acidity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The decrease in soil pH was larger when organic sources were applied along with chemical fertilizers.

Taxon: Saccharum officinarumSaccharum officinarume0
Treatment: organic sources were applied along with chemical fertilizerse7
Outcome: magnitude of decreasee7
Direction: moree7
Comparator: chemical fertilizerse7

Verbatim

e0
“A field experiment was conducted on integrated nutrient management in late-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Fiori & Paoi.) system during 1995–96 to 1998–99 at Modipuram, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–237

e7
“pH of the soil decreased from initial value (8.20) with the application of fertilizers and the magnitude of decrease was more when organic sources were applied along with chemical fertilizers”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1214–1405

Title

Integrated nutrient management in late-planted sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) system in western Uttar Pradesh

K. S. Gangwar; Sanjeev Sharma; O. K. Tomar Indian Journal of Agronomy 2003

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect Soil-test-based 100% NPK gave significantly higher cane yield.
Intervention effect Substituting 25% N with pressmud and FYM gave sugarcane yield at par with 100% NPK.
Intervention effect Substituting 25% N with pressmud, FYM or cowpea green manure increased ratoon cane yield significantly.
Intervention effect Soil-test-based 100% NPK gave significantly higher wheat yield.
Intervention effect Curtailing chemical fertilizer significantly reduced wheat yield.
Intervention effect Substituting 25% of wheat N need with sugarcane stubbles gave the lowest wheat yield, 2.70 tonnes/ha, significantly lower.
Intervention effect Chemical fertilizer alone reduced brix, sucrose and purity.
Intervention effect Combining chemical and organic manures improved brix, sucrose and purity.
Intervention effect Fertilizer application decreased soil pH from its initial value.
Observation Soil organic carbon did not change remarkably.
Intervention effect Combining chemical fertilizer with organic sources increased available P and K in soil.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Electron-beam irradiation caused a slight decrease in the gelatinization temperature of wheat starch.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume2
Treatment: electron‐beam irradiatione3
Outcome: gelatinization temperaturee3
Direction: slight decreasee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e2
“the molar mass of wheat starches decreased by one order of magnitude when the irradiation doses reached 4.4 kGy”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1139

e3
“the electron‐beam irradiation caused a slight decrease in gelatinization temperature”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 522–606

Title

Effects of electron‐beam irradiation on physicochemical properties of starches separated from stored wheat

BiJun Hu; Man Huang; ShouWei Yin; et al. Starch - Stärke 2010. doi:10.1002/star.201000052

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Peak, hot paste and cold paste viscosities of wheat starch decreased considerably with increasing irradiation dose.
Intervention effect Setback viscosity of wheat starch decreased considerably with increasing irradiation dose.
Intervention effect Fissures appeared on the surfaces of a few wheat starch granules at 4.4 kGy, and the granules became rough.
Intervention effect Damaged starch content of wheat increased from 5.33% to 7.38% as the dose increased from 0 (control) to 4.4 kGy.
Intervention effect Starch molecules of wheat were gradually degraded by electron-beam irradiation.
Intervention effect The molar mass of wheat starch decreased by one order of magnitude at 4.4 kGy.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Potassium permanganate and caffeine decrease the immediate and post-irradiation oxygen effects in barley seeds.

Taxon: barleyHordeum vulgaree0
Organ / stage: seedse0
Treatment: potassium permanganate and caffeinee1
Outcome: immediate and post-irradiation oxygen effectse0
Direction: decreasee1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“We show that both the immediate and post-irradiation oxygen effects in barley seeds”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–83

e1
“decrease in magnitude in the presence of potassium permanganate and caffeine”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 84–160

Title

Modification of Radiation-induced Oxic and Anoxic Damage by Caffeine and Potassium Permanganate in Barley Seeds

P.C. Kesavan; N.J.F. Dodd International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics Chemistry and Medicine 1976. doi:10.1080/09553007614550921

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Caffeine potentiates the oxygen-independent component of radiation damage in barley seeds after anoxic hydration.
Intervention effect Potassium permangenate enhances anoxic radiation damage in barley seeds only when they are irradiated dry.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Incipient injury significantly reduced the storage-related decrease in epicarp strength, locular resistance and firmness.

Taxon: tomato fruitsSolanum lycopersicumt0
Treatment: ‘incipient’ injurye0
Outcome: ripening‐induced decrease in epicarp strength, locular resistance and firmnesse0
Direction: reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“For the stored fruits, the magnitude of the ripening‐induced decrease in epicarp strength, locular resistance and firmness associated with storage was significantly reduced by ‘incipient’ injury”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 428–622

t0
“tomato fruits”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 28–41

Title

Textural characteristics of tomato fruits (Lycopersicon esculentum) affected by suns

Adegoke S Adegoroye; Peter A Jolliffe; Marvin A Tung Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 1989. doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740490110

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Sunscalded unstored fruit portions had higher compliance than uninjured portions.
Intervention effect Sunscalded unstored fruit portions had lower firmness than uninjured portions.
Intervention effect Advanced injury eliminated the storage-related decrease in epicarp strength, locular resistance and firmness.
Association Preferential ripening of uninjured fruit portions increased deformation and toughness.
Method / resource Force-deformation characteristics detected multiple sunscald symptoms in tomato fruit.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Irradiation decreased ethylene production of control apple fruit in a dose-dependent manner.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Treatment: Irradiatione0
Outcome: ethylene productione0
Direction: decreasee0
Qualifier: dependent on irradiation dosagee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Irradiation caused a decrease in ethylene production by control (non-MCP) fruit, and the magnitude of the decrease was dependent on irradiation dosage.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 619–770

t0
“Apple Fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 42–53

Title

113 Ethylene Mediates Responses of `Gala' Apple Fruit to Ionizing Irradiation

Xuetong Fan; David Buchanan; Luiz Argenta; et al. HortScience 2000. doi:10.21273/hortsci.35.3.408c

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect MCP reduced respiration in Gala apple fruit.
Intervention effect MCP reduced ethylene production in Gala apple fruit.
Intervention effect MCP slowed loss of apple fruit firmness and titratable acidity.
Intervention effect Irradiation increased respiration of MCP-treated apple fruit with dose.
Intervention effect Irradiation stimulated ethylene production of MCP-treated apple fruit for one day.
Intervention effect Irradiation induced internal browning in apple fruit.
Association Apple fruit irradiation injury severity increased with dose.
Intervention effect Irradiation damage severity and incidence were higher in MCP-treated apple fruit than controls.
Mechanism The authors infer that ethylene mediates apple fruit responses to irradiation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After harvest,the magnitude of yield treated with different water stress is summarized as: CKlightsevere

Taxon: hybrid riceOryza sativat0 e1
Treatment: different water stresse0 e1
Outcome: yielde0 e1
Direction: lowerinferrede0 e1
Comparator: CKe0 e1

Verbatim

e0
“After harvest,the magnitude of yield treated with different water stress is summarized as: CKlightsevere”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–743

e1
“However,in severe water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreaded rapidly,the content ROS and the activity of SOD were higher than in light water stress,but at the 7～9 days the activity of SOD began to decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 410–638

t0
“hybrid rice”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–75

Title

Effect of water stress on photosynthesis and yield character of hybrid rice at different stages

Guotao Yang Ganhan diqu nongye yanjiu 2008

Other claims from this paper (11)

Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in light water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreased,ROS accumulated and the activity of SOD increased in leaves
Intervention effect in severe water stress and followed by continuing water stress,Pn decreaded rapidly
Intervention effect the content ROS and the activity of SOD were higher than in light water stress
Intervention effect at the 7～9 days the activity of SOD began to decrease
Observation the results showed 6 different protein bands
Intervention effect Followed by increasing water stress degree,the light of protein band increased gradually
Observation It also showed difference in two varieties
Observation The ability of resistance to water stress at three stages were summarized as: Booting stage flowering stagetillering stage
Observation B-You 827 had higher resistance to both light and severe water stress compared to Gangyou 725 at three stages

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

After booting stage, waterlogging caused a pronounced decrease of these characters in winter wheat.

Taxon: Winter WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: After booting stage, waterlogginge3
Outcome: these characterse3
Direction: pronounced decreasee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

t0
“the Root System of Winter Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 64–95

e3
“After booting stage, waterlogging would invariably cause pronounced decrease of these characters, and the magnitude of the decrease became larger with the progress of the growth and development of the wheat plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 558–770

Title

Effect of Waterlogging on the Growth and Nutrient Metabolism of the Root System of Winter Wheat

Zhou Su ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA 2001

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage increased secondary root production in the top soil of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage increased N content and the proportion of N distributed to the root system of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage increased soluble sugar content in the root system of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Short-term waterlogging before the booting stage elevated the C/N ratio of winter wheat.
Intervention effect Prolonged waterlogging decreased all these attributes of winter wheat.
Association The magnitude of the decrease caused by waterlogging after booting stage became larger as the wheat plant developed.
Intervention effect Prolonged waterlogging decreased biomass, N accumulation and P accumulation of the winter wheat root system at all growth stages.
Intervention effect Prolonged waterlogging decreased P content and P proportion of the winter wheat root system at all growth stages.
Intervention effect Waterlogging for 5 days at the filling stage seriously handicapped the growth and metabolism of the wheat root system.
Intervention effect Waterlogging for 10 days at the filling stage reduced N and P accumulation of winter wheat roots to more than half of normal.

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