Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.

Taxon: maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage: apical-kernel endosperme3
Gene: ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Outcome: activity of ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Direction: lowere1
Comparator: basal-kernel endosperme3

Verbatim

e0
“maize (Zea mays L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37

e1
“lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 675–716

e2
“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146

e3
“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817

e4
“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056

e5
“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.
Observation Apical maize kernels have lower dry matter accumulation rates than basal kernels.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had 24% smaller mature dry weight than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.
Observation In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.
Intervention effect With tip heating, apical kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal kernel endosperm.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heated apical kernels had similar ADPG-PPase activity.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not increase total grain weight per ear.
Intervention effect Tip heating increased the size of apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating slightly decreased the size of basal and middle position kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating hastened some developmental events in apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Starch concentration began rising earlier in tip heated apical kernels.
Intervention effect Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.
Mechanism The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The ED50 for canola shoot biomass inhibition in sand was 0.03 mg/kg.

Taxon: canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
Outcome: canola shoot biomass inhibitione2
Value: 0.03 mg kg-1e2
Setting: sande2

Verbatim

t0
“wheat, chickpea, and canola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–88

e2
“Diuron exhibits higher phytotoxicity in sand compared to loamy sand, with ED50 values (which is the dose at which diuron causes a 50% decrease in plant growth) of 0.03 mg kg-1 and 0.07 mg kg-1 for canola shoot biomass inhibition and 0.01 mg kg-1 and 0.06 mg kg-1 for root dry weight reduction, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 689–995

Title

Phytotoxicity risk assessment of diuron residues in sands on wheat, chickpea, and canola

Win Win Pyone; Richard W. Bell; Michael T. Rose; et al. PLoS ONE 2024. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306865

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The reported optimum for nodule number was 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 plus 1.0 kg B ha-1.

Taxon: black gramVigna mungoe1
Treatment: combined application of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 1.0 kg B ha-1e0
Outcome: number of nodulese0
Direction: optimume0

Verbatim

e0
“The optimum levels were recorded with combined application of 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 1.0 kg B ha-1 for number of nodules”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1439–1556

e1
“number of nodules in black gram and their dry weight show decrease with increase in time”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1239–1327

Title

Interactive Effect of Phosphorus and Boron on Their Temporal Soil Availability under Black Gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] Cultivation and Nodulation in Acid Inceptisol

Muddana Sri Sai Charan Satya; Sanjay-Swami . Legume Research - An International Journal 2022. doi:10.18805/lr-4877

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Soil phosphorus availability increased with phosphorus dose.
Intervention effect Soil boron availability increased with boron dose.
Association Soil phosphorus and boron availability declined over time.
Association Black gram nodule number declined over time.
Association Black gram nodule dry weight declined over time.
Intervention effect Nodule number increased significantly with increasing phosphorus and boron doses.
Intervention effect Nodule dry weight increased significantly with increasing phosphorus and boron doses.
Observation The reported optimum for nodule dry weight was 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 plus 0.5 kg B ha-1.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The ED50 for canola shoot biomass inhibition in loamy sand was 0.07 mg/kg.

Taxon: canolaBrassica napus var. napust0
Outcome: canola shoot biomass inhibitione2
Value: 0.07 mg kg-1e2
Setting: loamy sande2

Verbatim

t0
“wheat, chickpea, and canola”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 61–88

e2
“Diuron exhibits higher phytotoxicity in sand compared to loamy sand, with ED50 values (which is the dose at which diuron causes a 50% decrease in plant growth) of 0.03 mg kg-1 and 0.07 mg kg-1 for canola shoot biomass inhibition and 0.01 mg kg-1 and 0.06 mg kg-1 for root dry weight reduction, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 689–995

Title

Phytotoxicity risk assessment of diuron residues in sands on wheat, chickpea, and canola

Win Win Pyone; Richard W. Bell; Michael T. Rose; et al. PLoS ONE 2024. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0306865

Other claims from this paper (12)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

GA3 increased leaf ZG, Z and ZR and fruit number; EW-250 increased fruit weight.

Taxon: Capsicum annuum L.Capsicum annuume1
Outcome: productivity of sweet pepper plantse0

Verbatim

e0
“Growth regulators optimized the productivity of sweet pepper plants: under the action of GA3 there was an increase in the number of fruits per plant, and after the use of EW-250 there was a rise in the average weight of one fruit”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2827–3056

t0
“sweet pepper”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 66–78

e1
“productivity of Capsicum annuum L., Antey variety”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 557–606

e2
“Both regulators led to an increase in the number of leaves on the plant, the leaf raw biomass, stems and roots and the dry matter of the whole plant, the area of a single leaf blade and the total area of leaves on the plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1445–1668

e3
“With GA3 treatment, plant height increased considerably, while with EW-250, it decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1355–1443

e4
“Under the action of EW-250, the chlorophyll content in the leaves surged, while under the action of GA3 it tended to decrease or did not change at all”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1670–1820

e5
“GA3 treatment induced a rise in the thickness of the upper and lower epidermis, and EW-250 led, on the contrary, to a decrease”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1922–2048

e6
“It is shown that after treatment with exogenous GA3, the content of endogenous IAA and ABA decreased and GA3 in plant stems increased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2050–2183

e7
“Under the action of the retardant, the level of ABA in the leaves did not change, while GA3 and IAA decreased”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2366–2475

Title

Morphogenesis, pigment content, phytohormones and productivity of sweet pepper under the action of gibberellin and tebuconazole

V. V. Rogach; V. G. Kuryata; I. V. Kosakivska; et al. Regulatory Mechanisms in Biosystems 2021. doi:10.15421/022139

Other claims from this paper (19)

Intervention effect GA3 increased plant height.
Intervention effect EW-250 decreased plant height.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased leaf number and biomass.
Intervention effect Both regulators increased stem, root and whole plant dry matter.
Intervention effect Both regulators expanded single leaf and total leaf area.
Intervention effect EW-250 increased leaf chlorophyll.
Intervention effect GA3 tended to lower or leave unchanged leaf chlorophyll.
Intervention effect Both regulators thickened chlorenchyma and enlarged columnar parenchyma cells.
Intervention effect GA3 thickened both epidermal surfaces.
Intervention effect EW-250 decreased epidermal thickness.
Intervention effect GA3 decreased stem IAA and ABA.
Intervention effect GA3 increased endogenous stem GA3.
Intervention effect EW-250 reduced stem GA3, IAA and ABA.
Intervention effect GA3 raised leaf GA3 and IAA.
Intervention effect GA3 inhibited leaf ABA.
Intervention effect EW-250 left leaf ABA unchanged.
Intervention effect EW-250 lowered leaf GA3 and IAA.
Intervention effect Both regulators reduced stem cytokinin pools.
Intervention effect EW-250 increased leaf hormone content, specifically iP.

Observationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors concluded that mycorrhizal colonization improves pistachio salt tolerance.

Taxon: pistachioPistacia verae0
Interactor: Glomus mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbionte0
Outcome: tolerance to salt stresse0
Direction: improvede0

Verbatim

e0
“pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1155–1229

e1
“In a greenhouse experiment, plant growth and rates of uptake and root to shoot transport of chloride and sodium were investigated in seedlings of pistachio (Pistacia vera cv. Badami-Riz-Zarand) inoculated with Glomus mosseae and exposed for 21 and 42 days with four salinity levels (0.5, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–312

e2
“Mycorrhizal (+M) plants maintained greater root and shoot biomass at all salinity levels compared to non-mycorrhizal (-M) plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 313–441

e3
“In -M plants, salt intensity had no significant effect on shoot dry weight (SDW) and leaf dry weight (LDW) on each of harvesting dates but root dry weight (RDW) showed a significant decrease at the highest salinity level 42 days after the start of salt treatment (DAT) in comparison with control (EC of 0.5 dSm-1).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 443–757

e4
“In +M plants, SDW was increased with an increase in salt intensity especially in the first harvesting date.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 758–865

e5
“In conclusion, the study indicates that pistachio tolerance to salt stress is improved by mycorrhizal colonization, although the salinity levels used in this work could not induce biomass reduction in -M pistachio plants, higher levels of salinity should be investigated in order to optimize the effect of this symbiosis.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1115–1436

Title

Role of Mycorrhizal Symbiosis in Growth and Salt Avoidance of Pistachio Plants

M. H. Shamshiri; F. Pourizadi; Hamid Reza Karimi DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2014

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Mycorrhizal pistachio maintained greater root and shoot biomass at every salinity level.
Intervention effect Salinity did not significantly change shoot or leaf dry weight in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect At the highest salinity after 42 days, root dry weight fell in nonmycorrhizal plants.
Association Shoot dry weight increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants, especially at the first harvest.
Association Root dry weight also increased with salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Leaf dry weight did not respond to salinity in mycorrhizal plants.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal plants had lower chloride and sodium uptake and root to shoot transport.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization reduced chloride and sodium accumulation.
Recommendation The authors recommended testing higher salinity levels.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

March girdling on MM 106 rootstock gave the highest increases in fruiting and quality traits.

Taxon: appleMalus domesticat0
Material: MM 106 rootstocke0
Treatment: girdling old shoots on mid-Marche0
Outcome: fruit set %, spurs number, leaf areae0
Direction: highest increasee0

Verbatim

e0
“girdling old shoots on mid-March treatment of the some trees onto MM 106 rootstock signiﬁcantly gave the highest increase of fruit set %, spurs number, leaf area, dry matter %, fruit weight, volume, diameter and length, total soluble solids (TSS %) and total carbohydrates %, C/N ratio, ABA and IAA, while gave significant decrease in fruit firmness, acidity, leaf N content in the ist and 2nd seasons.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 986–1388

t0
“APPLE TREES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–82

Title

EFFECT OF BENDING AND GIRDLING SHOOTS ON GROWTH AND FRUITING OF "ANNA" APPLE TREES GRAFTED ON TWO APPLE ROOTSTOCKS

Eman Kandil,; A. Hussein; I. Saied Journal of Plant Production 2006. doi:10.21608/jpp.2006.235789

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Most bending and girdling treatments increased fruit set, spur number, and leaf area relative to control.
Intervention effect Treatments increased fruit weight, volume, diameter and length.
Intervention effect Treatments increased dry matter, soluble solids, carbohydrates, C/N ratio and hormones.
Intervention effect Treatments reduced fruit firmness, acidity and total nitrogen.
Observation November bending on Malus rootstock gave the highest increase in fruit set, spur number, leaf area, dry matter, fruit traits, solids, carbohydrate ratio and hormones.
Recommendation The authors recommend November bending on Malus and March girdling on MM 106.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Relative growth rate increased only in the first days of exponential growth.

Taxon: lettuceLactuca sativae2
Outcome: Relative growth rate (RGR)e0
Direction: stimulatede0
Qualifier: only during the first several days of exponential growthe0

Verbatim

e0
“Relative growth rate (RGR) was stimulated only during the first several days of exponential growth.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–341

e1
“Relative growth rate (RGR) was stimulated only during the first several days of exponential growth.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 242–341

t0
“Effects of CO2and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–120

e2
“Enrichment of CO2 to 46 mmol m-3 (1000 mm3 dm-3) at a moderate photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 450 micromoles m-2 s-1 stimulated fresh and dry weight gain of lettuce leaves 39% to 75% relative to plants at 16 mmol m-3 CO2 (350 mm3 dm-3).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–241

e3
“high PPF of 880-900 micromoles m-2 s-1 gave further, substantial increases in growth, RGR, net assimilation rate (NAR) and photosynthetic rate (Pn), but a decrease in leaf area ratio (LAR), at 46 or 69 mmol m-3 (1000 or 1500 mm3 dm-3) CO2”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 423–661

e4
“Enrichment of CO2 to a supraoptimal level of 92 mmol m-3 (2000 mm3 dm-3) at high PPF increased leaf area and LAR”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 718–830

Title

Effects of CO₂and Photosynthetic Photon Flux on Yield, Gas Exchange and Growth Rate ofLactuca SativaL. ‘Waldmann’s Green'

SHARON L. KNIGHT; CARY A. MITCHELL Journal of Experimental Botany 1988. doi:10.1093/jxb/39.3.317

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf fresh weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect CO2 enrichment increased lettuce leaf dry weight gain by 39–75% at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect CO2 above 46 mmol m−3 gave no further growth benefit at moderate PPF.
Intervention effect High PPF increased growth, RGR and NAR at 46 or 69 mmol m−3 CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF increased photosynthetic rate at enriched CO2.
Intervention effect High PPF decreased leaf area ratio.
Intervention effect At high PPF, supraoptimal CO2 increased leaf area and LAR.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 decreased specific leaf weight, NAR and Pn.
Intervention effect Supraoptimal CO2 had no effect on organ dry weights or RGR compared with 69 mmol m−3 CO2.

“decrease in dry weight”

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