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“decrease in density”

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Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Kernel number per square meter did not change with late planting.

Taxon: CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
Treatment: late plantinge0
Outcome: kernels per square metere0
Direction: no changee0

Verbatim

e0
“Yield loss due to late planting was associated with a 7% decrease in kernel weight and no change in kernels per square meter.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 767–892

t0
“Corn”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 23–27

Title

Agronomic Responses of Corn to Planting Date and Plant Density

Ryan J. Van Roekel; Jeffrey A. Coulter Agronomy Journal 2011. doi:10.2134/agronj2011.0071

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Stomatal development and size were unchanged under elevated CO2.

Taxon: Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)Pinus halepensise1
Treatment: eCO2e2
Outcome: Stomatal development and sizee0
Direction: unchangede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Stomatal development and size were unchanged, while stomatal density increased (+18%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 870–955

e1
“Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 188–218

e2
“eCO2-triggered reductions in canopy conductance (gc)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 351–403

Title

Anatomical adjustments of the tree hydraulic pathway decrease canopy conductance under long-term elevated CO2

Marielle Gattmann; Scott A M McAdam; Benjamin Birami; et al. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022. doi:10.1093/plphys/kiac482

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Elevated CO2 reduced leaf-level canopy conductance by 55%.
Mechanism The conductance reduction was not caused by ABA.
Intervention effect Reduced conductance was not reversible under low CO2.
Intervention effect Stomatal density increased by 18%.
Intervention effect Vein-to-epidermis distance increased by 65%.
Intervention effect Branch xylem conduits were 8% smaller.
Intervention effect Conduit lumen fraction was 11% lower.
Intervention effect Specific conductivity was 19% lower.
Intervention effect Leaf-specific conductivity was 34% lower.
Intervention effect Elevated CO2 adaptations did not alter stomatal sensitivity to soil or atmospheric drought.
Intervention effect Xylem safety thresholds were similar under elevated CO2.
Mechanism Leaf biomass increases largely annulled water savings.
Observation Authors do not expect elevated CO2 to alleviate drought stress.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Applying all NK fertilizer as base fertilizer did not significantly reduce fiber strength.

Taxon: kenafHibiscus cannabinust0
Treatment: All NK fertilizer as base fertilizatione0
Outcome: fiber strengthe0
Direction: did not reduce significantlye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The results showed that:(1) In low fertilization, fiber yield, fiber length and width reached the maximums, and fiber strength and fiber line density had no significant reduction.(2) All NK fertilizer as base fertilization was beneficial to improve the fiber yield and linear density, while fiber strength did not reduce significantly.(3) Middle irrigation in seedling stage, high irrigation in vigorous growth stage and…” Show full quote
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 287–870

t0
“kenaf”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 81–86

Title

Effects of irrigation and fertilization management on fiber yield and quality of kenaf

Wang Dao-b Guangdong nongye kexue 2014

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Low fertilization maximized fiber yield, length, and width.
Intervention effect Low fertilization did not significantly reduce fiber strength or line density.
Intervention effect Applying all NK fertilizer as base fertilizer improved fiber yield and linear density.
Intervention effect Middle seedling irrigation followed by high irrigation gave higher fiber yield, strength and length than other treatments.
Intervention effect This irrigation schedule did not significantly decrease fiber linear density.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

No differences in soil properties were detected between compost and composted biochar treatments.

Taxon: PotatoSolanum tuberosumt0
Treatment: composted biochare4
Direction: no differencese4
Comparator: composte4

Not reportedOutcome

Verbatim

t0
“Improves Potato Growth”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 94–116

e4
“Relative to an unamended control, the high application rates tended to decrease bulk density and increase total N in soil, but no differences were detected between the compost or composted biochar treatments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1133–1340

Title

Biochar-Poultry Manure Compost Alters Temperature and Nitrogen Dynamics during Composting and Improves Potato Growth Following Field Application

Nathan E. Stacey; Thida Tea; Steven S. Seefeldt; et al. Compost Science & Utilization 2024. doi:10.1080/1065657x.2024.2366795

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Compost with 40% biochar addition reduced N loss from the compost mass compared to the control, to 29.9%.
Intervention effect Compost with 20% biochar addition reduced N loss from the compost mass compared to the control, to 32.3%.
Intervention effect Biochar addition caused a more rapid temperature increase during composting.
Intervention effect Biochar addition truncated the thermophilic phase of composting.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had greater NO3--N concentration.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had lower electrical conductivity.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had greater carbon to nitrogen ratio.
Intervention effect Finished compost with 40% biochar had greater total carbon content.
Intervention effect Application of composted biochar at 40% increased potato tuber weight by 40% relative to an unamended control.
Intervention effect High application rates of compost tended to decrease soil bulk density relative to an unamended control.
Intervention effect High application rates of compost tended to increase total N in soil relative to an unamended control.
Intervention effect Assuming no N was lost from the added biochar, the difference in N loss was not significant at P = 0.100.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Under short-term high-light stress, photosystem I and II potential activities decreased to a similar extent in lcd1-1 and wild type.

Taxon: Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianat0
Material: lcd1-1e4
Treatment: short-term high-light stresse4
Outcome: potential activities of photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII)e4
Direction: decreasee4
Comparator: wild typee4

Verbatim

t0
“Arabidopsis thaliana”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–69

e4
“When the wild type and lcd1-1 are exposed to short-term high-light stress, leaves do not bleach in lcd1-1 and potential activities of photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) decrease to a similar extent in both the genotypes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 906–1125

Title

The lower cell density of leaf parenchyma in the Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lcd1‐1 is associated with increased sensitivity to ozone and virulent Pseudomonas syringae

Carina Barth; Patricia L. Conklin The Plant Journal 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x.2003.01795.x

Other claims from this paper (10)

Association The lcd1-1 mutant had decreased chlorophyll content associated with lower palisade cell density.
Observation The lcd1-1 mutant had lower cell density in the leaf palisade parenchyma.
Intervention effect Ozone increased malondialdehyde in lcd1-1 leaves compared with the wild type.
Intervention effect Ozone made lcd1-1 leaves paler.
Intervention effect Virulent Pseudomonas syringae growth was higher in lcd1-1 than in the wild type.
Intervention effect PR-1 and PR-5 expression was lower in lcd1-1 than in the wild type after infection with virulent Pseudomonas syringae.
Intervention effect Under short-term high-light stress, lcd1-1 leaves did not bleach.
Observation The LCD1 gene of lcd1-1 contains a nonsense mutation.
Observation The LCD1 gene is located at the bottom of chromosome 2.
Mechanism Increased sensitivity to ozone and virulent P. syringae is suggested to be a secondary effect of the lower-cell-density phenotype, with LCD1 playing a role in leaf development.

Associationobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Floral resource abundance did not change significantly with restoration age.

Taxon: Conservation Reserve Program plantingst0
Outcome: floral resource abundancese0
Direction: did not changee0
Setting: increasing restoration agee1

Verbatim

e0
“floral resource abundances did not change significantly”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1166–1221

e1
“Despite the decrease in forb density with increasing restoration age, floral resource abundances did not change significantly”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1096–1221

t0
“Conservation Reserve Program plantings”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 89–127

Title

Diverse seed mix with green manure and alternating grass/forb rows promotes diversity of Conservation Reserve Program plantings in central and eastern Montana, United States

Drew A. Scott; John R. Hendrickson; Brett L. Allen; et al. Restoration Ecology 2025. doi:10.1111/rec.70199

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resource Both plant abundance methods showed similar patterns.
Intervention effect Adding sown species raised planting diversity.
Association Dry early spring after planting corresponded to lower initial diversity.
Association Plantings established after dry early spring showed stronger diversity gains with age.
Association Grass density increased with restoration age.
Association Forb density decreased with restoration age.
Method / resource A frequency grid reliably estimated plant density.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment.

Taxon: LettuceLactuca sativae1
Treatment: UV-B treatmente2
Interactor: AMFe0symbiont
Outcome: symbiosise2
Direction: no_changeinferrede2

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–671

e2
“Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the effect of UV-B on stomatal density, while the symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 673–806

e0
“lettuce plant response to AMF inoculation and UV-B exposure (0.4 W m−2; 16 h d−1; 2 weeks), either together or individually, as well as the interaction with the polyphagous insect pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 314–522

Title

Leaf UV-B Irradiation and Mycorrhizal Symbionts Affect Lettuce VOC Emissions and Defence Mechanisms, but Not Aphid Feeding Preferences

Valeria Zeni; Arianna Grassi; Marco Santin; et al. Insects 2022. doi:10.3390/insects14010020

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect UV-B increased callose and oxidative stress indicators in lettuce.
Intervention effect UV-B decreased stomatal density in lettuce.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the UV-B effect on lettuce stomatal density.
Intervention effect Mycorrhization had no significant effect on the lettuce volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment.
Intervention effect UV-B significantly altered lettuce plant volatile emission.
Intervention effect The 1-undecene abundance increased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 48.0 ± 7.78%).
Intervention effect The decanal content decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%).
Intervention effect The undecanal content decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%).
Intervention effect The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %).
Intervention effect Aphid (Myzus persicae) population was unaffected by any of the AMF and UV-B treatments.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Applied amendments left soil infiltration rate unchanged.

Taxon: wheatTriticum aestivume1
Treatment: applied treatmentse1
Outcome: infiltration ratee1
Direction: unchangede1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“After the harvest of wheat 2008-09, non-significant decrease in bulk density was recorded with applied treatments while infiltration rate remained unchanged”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 536–692

e2
“The treatments employed were: Tube well water (TW) alone; TW + Gypsum @ 50% soil gypsum requirement (TW + G50); TW–Canal water (CW) + G50; TW–CW + farm manure (FM) @ 25 Mg ha-1 (TW-CW + FM) before sowing wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 325–534

Title

Reclamation of salt-affected soils using amendments and growing wheat crop

Behzad Murtaza*, Ghulam Murtaza, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Abdul Ghafoor, Saqib Abubakar; Muhammad Sabir DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) 2011

Other claims from this paper (13)

Intervention effect Applied amendments non-significantly decreased soil bulk density.
Intervention effect TW–CW with farm manure significantly decreased ECe and SAR at all three sites.
Intervention effect The maximum decrease in ECe with TW–CW + FM was 72.65% at 0-15 cm depth at site 2.
Intervention effect The maximum decrease in ECe with TW–CW + FM was 77.62% at 15-30 cm depth at site 1.
Intervention effect The maximum decrease in SAR with TW–CW + FM was 75.76% at 0-15 cm depth at site 2.
Intervention effect The maximum decrease in SAR with TW–CW + FM was 63.93% at 15-30 cm depth at site 3.
Intervention effect Maximum wheat grain yield with TW–CW + FM was 3656 kg/ha at site 1.
Intervention effect Maximum wheat grain yield with TW–CW + FM was 3531 kg/ha at site 2.
Intervention effect Maximum wheat grain yield with TW–CW + FM was 3826 kg/ha at site 3.
Intervention effect Maximum wheat straw yield with TW–CW + FM was 4826 kg/ha at site 1.
Intervention effect Maximum wheat straw yield with TW–CW + FM was 4624 kg/ha at site 2.
Intervention effect Maximum wheat straw yield with TW–CW + FM was 4707 kg/ha at site 3.
Intervention effect The net benefit was maximum with TW–CW + FM at all three sites.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Early grazing rest did not affect clover mass proportion relative to continuous stocking.

Taxon: cloverTrifoliume0
Treatment: early rest periode0
Outcome: mass of clover in the swardse0
Direction: did not affecte0
Comparator: continuously stocked treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“Compared with a continuously stocked treatment, the early rest period did not affect the mass of clover in the swards (expressed as a proportion of the total) but resulted in a subsequent decrease in its population density.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 325–548

Title

Interactions between variety and the timing of conservation cuts on species balance in Lolium perenne‐Trifolium repens swards

G. T. BARTHRAM; S. A. GRANT Grass and Forage Science 1995. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02302.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect Early grazing rest subsequently decreased clover population density.
Intervention effect Late rest doubled clover mass at cutting.
Intervention effect Late rest did not affect subsequent clover population density.
Association Change in clover mass under late rest depended on ryegrass variety.
Association Change in clover mass under late rest did not depend on clover variety.
Association Early rest effects on clover density were associated with shading.
Mechanism The authors attribute clover-content differences mainly to timing and less to ryegrass variety.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mycorrhization had no significant effect on the lettuce volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment.

Taxon: LettuceLactuca sativae1
Treatment: Mycorrhizatione6
Outcome: plant volatilomee6
Direction: no_changeinferrede6
Qualifier: regardless of UV-B treatmente6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 524–671

e6
“Mycorrhization, on the other hand, had no significant effect on the plant volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1256–1370

Title

Leaf UV-B Irradiation and Mycorrhizal Symbionts Affect Lettuce VOC Emissions and Defence Mechanisms, but Not Aphid Feeding Preferences

Valeria Zeni; Arianna Grassi; Marco Santin; et al. Insects 2022. doi:10.3390/insects14010020

Other claims from this paper (10)

Intervention effect UV-B increased callose and oxidative stress indicators in lettuce.
Intervention effect UV-B decreased stomatal density in lettuce.
Intervention effect Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the UV-B effect on lettuce stomatal density.
Intervention effect The symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment.
Intervention effect UV-B significantly altered lettuce plant volatile emission.
Intervention effect The 1-undecene abundance increased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 48.0 ± 7.78%).
Intervention effect The decanal content decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%).
Intervention effect The undecanal content decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%).
Intervention effect The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons decreased under UV-B with mycorrhization (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %).
Intervention effect Aphid (Myzus persicae) population was unaffected by any of the AMF and UV-B treatments.

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“decrease in density”

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