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paper W16664504 ✕

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Apical maize florets differentiate later than basal florets.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse1
Organ / stage
Apical floretse1
Outcome
differentiate latere1
Direction
latere1
Comparator
basal floretse1

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–81
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower sucrose concentration than basal kernel endosperm.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage
apical-kernel endosperme3
Outcome
concentration of sucrosee1
Direction
lowere1
Comparator
basal-kernel endosperme3

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“lower concentration of sucrose”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 639–669
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heated apical kernels had higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment
tip-heated earse4
Gene
ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Outcome
ADP-Glc starch synthase activitye1
Direction
highere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 983–1022
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In unheated ears, apical and basal kernel endosperm had similar ADPG-PPase activities.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Gene
ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase)e1
Outcome
ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activitiese1
Direction
similare1

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 754–816
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tip heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment
tip-heatinge1
Outcome
period of starch accumulatione1
Direction
did not shortene1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“tip-heating did not shorten the period of starch accumulation in apical kernels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1474–1553
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ADPG-PPase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment
tip-heatinge5
Gene
ADPG-PPasee1
Outcome
ADPG-PPasee1
Direction
earliere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“ADPG-PPase and ADP-Glc starch synthase activities reached peak levels and starch concentration began rising earlier in apical kernels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1330–1463
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

In unheated ears, apical kernel endosperm had lower ADP-Glc starch synthase activity than basal kernel endosperm.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Organ / stage
apical-kernel endosperme3
Gene
ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Outcome
activity of ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Direction
lowere1
Comparator
basal-kernel endosperme3

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 675–716
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

ADP-Glc starch synthase activity reached peak levels earlier in tip heated apical kernels.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Treatment
tip-heatinge5
Gene
ADP-Glc starch synthasee1
Outcome
ADP-Glc starch synthase activitiese1
Direction
earliere1

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“ADPG-PPase and ADP-Glc starch synthase activities reached peak levels and starch concentration began rising earlier in apical kernels”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1330–1463
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)
Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The authors conclude that pre-pollination floret development alone does not determine the slower growth and smaller size of apical kernels.

Taxon
maize (Zea mays L.)Zea mayse0
Outcome
lower growth rate and smaller size of apical kernelse1
Qualifier
differences in prepollination floret developmente1

Verbatim

e0

“maize (Zea mays L.)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 18–37
e1

“the lower growth rate and smaller size of apical kernels are not solely determined by differences in prepollination floret development”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1581–1715
e2

“Apical florets of maize (Zea mays L.) ears differentiate later than basal florets and form kernels which have lower dry matter accumulation rates.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–146
e3

“In controls, apical-kernel endosperm had 24% smaller dry weight at maturity, lower concentration of sucrose, and lower activity of ADP-Glc starch synthase than basal-kernel endosperm, whereas ADP-Glc-pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-PPase) activities were similar.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 562–817
e4

“In tip-heated ears apical-kernel endosperm had the same growth rate and final weight as basal-kernel endosperm and apical kernels had higher sucrose concentrations, higher ADP-Glc starch synthase activity, and similar ADPG-PPase activity.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 818–1056
e5

“Total grain weight per ear was not increased by tip-heating because the increase in size of apical kernels was partially offset by a slight decrease in size of the basal- and middle-position kernels.”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1057–1256

Title

Official Documents- Supplemental Letter ref. Representations, TF010748 and TF015111 (Closing Package)

Zoe Kolovou PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013. doi:10.1104/pp.79.3.852

Other claims from this paper (18)

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