Search claims · PlantClaims

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Certain retrotransposable elements preferentially associate with knobs or centromeres.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: retrotransposable elementse0

Verbatim

e0
“obvious preference for the integration/association of certain retrotransposable elements into knobs or centromere regions”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 832–953

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–59

Title

Complex structure of knobs and centromeric regions in maize chromosomes.

E V Ananiev; R L Phillips; H W Rines PubMed 2000

Other claims from this paper (13)

Observation TR1 knob repeats can form fold-back DNA segments.
Observation CentC was identified as a centromeric tandem repeat family.
Observation Maize knob and centromeric repeat blocks are interrupted by other repeats.
Observation Inserted sequences are mainly full-size retrotransposable elements.
Observation Retrotransposable elements preferentially integrate at hot spots of the 180-bp repeat.
Observation CentC, TR1 and 180-bp repeats occur on each tested maize chromosome.
Observation Repeat copy number varies significantly from about 100 to 25,000.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in centromeric repeat size.
Observation Maize chromosomes vary in knob size and composition.
Observation Maize knobs contain 180-bp repeats, TR1 repeats, or both.
Observation Repeat elements also form micro clusters detectable only by in situ hybridization.
Mechanism Maize knobs may be considered megatransposable elements.
Mechanism Interspersed retrotransposable elements and tandem repeats may be a basic feature of eukaryotic heterochromatin organization.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultbasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

The HSY map covers all four HSY-specific Knobs.

Taxon: PapayaCarica papayae1
Outcome: HSY-specific Knobse0
Value: foure0

Verbatim

e0
“covers all four HSY-specific Knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 946–980

e1
“Papaya is a major fruit crop”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 12–40

Title

Construction of physical maps for the sex-specific regions of papaya sex chromosomes

Jong-Kuk Na; Jianping Wang; Jan E Murray; et al. BMC Genomics 2012. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-176

Other claims from this paper (10)

Method / resource The HSY map has a minimum tiling path of 68 overlapping BACs.
Method / resource One gap remained near Knob 1 in the HSY map.
Method / resource The X map comprises 44 BACs on its minimum tiling path.
Method / resource A repetitive-sequence gap remains in the X physical map and is filled on the HSY map.
Method / resource Fine mapping in 1460 F2 individuals defined the non-recombining HSY borders.
Observation The genetically defined HSY spans approximately 8.5 Mb.
Observation The X counterpart extends about 5.4 Mb.
Observation The X counterpart includes a 900 Kb region containing shared Knob 1.
Observation The HSY sequence is expanded by 4 Mb relative to the corresponding X sequence.
Observation Genetically defined borders coincide with shared BACs on the HSY and X tiling paths.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Large knobs locally reduce crossing over by as much as twofold on a cM/Mb scale.

Taxon: MaizeZea mayst0
Material: large knobse0
Outcome: crossing overe0
Direction: reducee0
Value: twofolde0

Verbatim

e0
“large knobs can locally reduce crossing over by as much as twofold on a cM/Mb scale”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 795–878

t0
“Maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–5

Title

Maize chromosomal knobs are located in gene-dense areas and suppress local recombination

Rashin Ghaffari; Ethalinda K. S. Cannon; Lisa B. Kanizay; et al. Chromosoma 2012. doi:10.1007/s00412-012-0391-8

Other claims from this paper (3)

Observation Mapped maize knobs lie in gene-dense genomic regions.
Observation The recombination effect does not extend beyond about 10 cM on either side of knobs.
Association Knobs do not appear to affect linkage disequilibrium among nearby genes.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

B chromosomes and heterochromatic knobs had a negative relationship in maize landraces.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse1
Outcome: Bse0
Direction: negative relationshipe0
Comparator: heterochromatic knobse0

Verbatim

e0
“the negative relationship found between Bs and heterochromatic knobs”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1463–1531

e1
“native Argentinian and Bolivian maize landraces”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 232–279

Title

CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DNA CONTENT VARIATION IN ZEA

G.E. González; M.F. Realini; M.F. Fourastié; et al. Journal of Basic and Applied Genetics 2022. doi:10.35407/bag.2022.33.01.03

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The knobs measured about 0.35 μm thick.

Taxon: Vicia fabaVicia fabae1
Outcome: thickness of these knobse0
Value: about 0.35 μme0

Verbatim

e0
“The thickness of these knobs was about 0.35 μm.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1122–1169

e1
“Vicia faba”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 67–77

Title

Three‐dimensional architecture of the higher plant nucleolonema disclosed on serial ultrathin sections

S Sato Biology of the Cell 1992. doi:10.1016/0248-4900(92)90144-p

Other claims from this paper (10)

Observation Silver staining revealed lateral and transverse nucleolonema segments.
Observation Lateral segments had three filament configurations.
Observation Along sections, type I appeared first, then type II or III, and finally type I again.
Observation Type II and III widths remained about 1.0 μm and type I was significantly narrower.
Observation Type II and III lateral filaments had intermittent knobs.
Mechanism The authors infer a 0.35-μm filament coiled into an approximately 1.0-μm solenoid.
Mechanism The proposed solenoid explains open and closed argyrophilic rings.
Observation The elementary solenoid filament was sometimes loosened.
Observation Argyrophilic proteins appeared in the axial space of the solenoid.
Observation DNA and RNA were not detectable in the axial space.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Higher altitude strains had fewer knobs than lower altitude strains.

Taxon: maizeZea mayse0 t0
Outcome: knobse0 t0
Direction: fewere0 t0
Comparator: strains at lover altitudee0 t0
Setting: Sikkime0 t0

Verbatim

e0
“Strains occurring at higher altitudes of Sikkim. possess fewer knobs in comparison to the strains at lover altitude.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 283–399

t0
“maize”
✓ located after whitespace/quote normalisation · title, characters 43–48

Title

Knob Composition in Northeastern Himalayan Maize

Suchira Pande; J. K. S. Sachan; K. R. Sarkar Indian Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding (The) 1988

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observation Northeastern Himalayan maize strains generally had low knob numbers.
Observation Knob number differed significantly among strains from 1200 to 2500 m in Sikkim.
Observation Mean knob number at low altitude was 4.8.
Observation Mean knob number at medium altitude was 2.9.
Observation Mean knob number at high altitude was 2.2.
Observation Sikkim Primitive strains with 8–12 knobs were distributed in Sikkim and Tripura.
Observation The lower knob group, with 1–4 knobs, was represented by Meghalaya strains.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Florida teosinte from Honduras and Guanajuato teosinte had mainly internal knobs.

Taxon: teosintee0
Material: Florida teosinte from Honduras and Guanajuato teosintee0
Outcome: most of their knobs internally locatede0

Verbatim

e0
“Florida teosinte from Honduras and Guanajuato teosinte have most of their knobs internally located”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–98

Title

CHROMOSOME POLYMORPHISM OF TEOSINTE

Y C Ting Genetics 1976. doi:10.1093/genetics/83.4.737

Other claims from this paper (5)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Avena glume waxes showed plates, knobs and filaments.

Taxon: AvenaAvenat0
Outcome: plates, knobs, and filamentse0

Verbatim

e0
“Three basic patterns were discerned, plates, knobs, and filaments”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 155–220

t0
“Avena”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 36–41

Title

The epicuticular waxes of glumes of Avena: a scanning electron microscopic study of the morphological patterns in all the species

B. R. Baum; V. E. Hadland Canadian Journal of Botany 1975. doi:10.1139/b75-200

Other claims from this paper (4)

Method / resource Wax patterns generally cannot identify Avena species.
Association Wax pattern variability declined as ploidy increased.
Observation Hexaploid species had almost exclusively filament wax patterns.
Observation Other species showed all three basic wax patterns.

Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

First-generation micropropagated ginger had smaller rhizome knobs.

Material: micropropagated plantse0
Outcome: knobse0
Direction: smallere0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“In the first generation ex vitro, micropropagated plants had significantly (P<0.01) reduced rhizome yield with smaller knobs and more roots.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 177–317

Title

Field evaluation of micropropagated and conventionally propagated ginger in subtropical Queensland

MK Smith; SD Hamill Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 1996. doi:10.1071/ea9960347

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Large maize knobs contain megabase-scale similarity blocks with repeated HOR patterns.

Taxon: maizeZea mayst0
Outcome: megabase-scale similarity blocks with repeated HOR patternse0

Verbatim

t0
“maize”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 71–76

e0
“Large knobs contain megabase-scale similarity blocks with repeated HOR patterns”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1314–1393

Title

Higher order repeat structures reflect diverging evolutionary paths in maize centromeres and knobs

Rebecca D. Piri; Mingyu Wang; M. Cinta Romay; et al. Genome biology 2026. doi:10.1186/s13059-026-03993-4

Other claims from this paper (9)

“knobs”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics