Try:droughtFusariumnitrogen fertilizerArabidopsisseed germination

“surface application”

5,670 matches

Claim types

Direction of the findings

plus 1,603 non-evaluative

Over time

1950 ’60 ’70 ’80 ’90 2000 ’10 ’20

plus 17 earlier · 1930s–1940s

Refine

More filters

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Surface imazethapyr increased rice yield relative to no surface application.

Taxon: RiceOryza sativae0
Treatment: imazethapyr applied SURFe0
Outcome: Rice yielde0
Direction: increasede0
Comparator: no SURF applicatione0

Verbatim

e0
“Rice yield increased with imazethapyr applied SURF compared with no SURF application, averaged over POST applications.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 753–871

Title

Herbicide Mixtures in Water-Seeded Imidazolinone-Resistant Rice (Oryza sativa)¹

KRISTIE J. PELLERIN; ERIC P. WEBSTER; WEI ZHANG; et al. Weed Technology 2003. doi:10.1614/wt-03-007r1

Other claims from this paper (5)

Intervention effect Imazethapyr mixtures improved barnyardgrass control at 14 and 42 days after postemergence treatment versus imazethapyr alone.
Intervention effect Surface followed by postemergence imazethapyr controlled red rice 90 to 96% at 21 days.
Intervention effect Postemergence mixtures increased Alligatorweed control compared with imazethapyr-only treatments at 35 days.
Intervention effect Postemergence mixtures increased hemp sesbania control compared with imazethapyr-only treatments at 35 days.
Recommendation The authors concluded that other herbicides are required to control hemp sesbania and alligatorweed in resistant rice systems.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Long term lower leaf surface auxin application caused hyponasty.

Taxon: Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
Treatment: lower surface applicatione0
Outcome: hyponastye0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Application to the upper surface results in epinasty, lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–901

e1
“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 51–87

Title

GROWTH AND GRAVITATIONAL RESPONSE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEAF BLADE HYPONASTY

Alice B. Hayes; James A. Lippincott American Journal of Botany 1976. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb11825.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Mechanism Rapid auxin induced hyponasty depends on increased lower blade growth.
Mechanism Curvature involves laminar and vein growth.
Mechanism Curvature was not attributed to simple turgor changes.
Intervention effect Inversion reduced auxin induced curvature.
Intervention effect Horizontal rotation reduced auxin induced curvature.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the upper surface had no hyponastic effect.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the lower surface had no hyponastic effect.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid inhibited auxin induced hyponasty.
Association The inhibition by ethylene generating compound was additive to inversion inhibition.
Intervention effect Long term upper leaf surface auxin application caused epinasty.
Observation Both application surfaces initially induced hyponastic curvature.
Mechanism Differential auxin transport and sensitivity were proposed to explain the responses.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Surface drip irrigation achieved 25% irrigation application efficiency.

Taxon: Rockmelone2
Treatment: surface drip irrigatione1
Outcome: irrigation application efficiencye0
Value: 25%e0

Verbatim

e0
“both of the treatments achieved 25% of irrigation application efficiency.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1858–1931

e1
“surface drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1434–1489

e2
“Rockmelon (cucumis melo)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 789–813

Title

Impacts of Fertigation via Surface and Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Growth Rate of Rockmelon

Wan Fazilah Fazlil Ilahi Advances in Agricultural and Food Research Journal 2020. doi:10.36877/aafrj.a0000134

Other claims from this paper (2)

Intervention effect Surface drip irrigation produced higher rockmelon growth than subsurface drip irrigation.
Observation Subsurface drip irrigation achieved 25% irrigation application efficiency.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deep placement was better than surface application for residual soil nitrogen.

Taxon: riceOryza sativat0
Treatment: Deep placemente0
Outcome: residual nitrogen, content in soile0
Direction: bettere0
Comparator: surface applicatione0

Verbatim

e0
“Deep placement was better than surface application on the residual nitrogen, content in soil”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1089–1181

t0
“RICE”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 52–56

Title

EFFECTS OF APPLICATION METHOD AND NITROGEN FORMS ON RICE YIELD

M. Abou Seeda,; H. EI-Aila; A. Taalab Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering /Journal of Soil Sciences and Agricultural Engineering 2003. doi:10.21608/jssae.2003.244612

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Organic matter reduced ammonia volatilization.
Intervention effect Subsurface placement reduced nitrogen loss more than surface placement.
Intervention effect Organic matter increased grain yield under surface and subsurface conditions.
Observation Equal inorganic and organic nitrogen rates produced maximum yield.
Intervention effect Organic matter increased nitrogen content in rice grain relative to urea alone.
Association Increasing the organic matter to urea ratio increased grain nitrogen content.
Intervention effect Deep placement of urea and organic matter increased grain and straw phosphorus content relative to surface application.
Intervention effect Deep placement of urea and organic matter increased grain and straw potassium content relative to surface application.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nitrogen use efficiency was highest with surface application, at 103%.

Taxon: spring wheatTriticum aestivumt0
Treatment: surface applicatione0
Outcome: NUEe0
Direction: higheste0
Value: 103%e0

Verbatim

t0
“spring wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 30–42

e0
“NUE was highest in surface application (103%) and lowest in subsurface (84%).”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1071–1148

Title

Managing reactive nitrogen in spring wheat cropping systems: insights from Kabul, Afghanistan

Safi, Zikrullah; Rees, Robert; Drewer, Julia; et al. Universitätsbibliothek Kassel 2025. doi:10.17170/kobra-2026010711764

Other claims from this paper (4)

Intervention effect Subsurface application reduced ammonia emissions relative to surface application and control plots.
Intervention effect Ammonium-N losses were lower under subsurface than surface application.
Observation Nitrogen use efficiency was lowest with subsurface application, at 84%.
Intervention effect Partial factor productivity was higher with 25% less nitrogen than with 25% excess and conventional practice.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Long term upper leaf surface auxin application caused epinasty.

Taxon: Phaseolus vulgarisPhaseolus vulgarise1
Treatment: Application to the upper surfacee0
Outcome: epinastye0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Application to the upper surface results in epinasty, lower surface application in hyponasty, although the initial response in each case is a hyponastic curvature.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 738–901

e1
“primary leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 51–87

Title

GROWTH AND GRAVITATIONAL RESPONSE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEAF BLADE HYPONASTY

Alice B. Hayes; James A. Lippincott American Journal of Botany 1976. doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1976.tb11825.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Mechanism Rapid auxin induced hyponasty depends on increased lower blade growth.
Mechanism Curvature involves laminar and vein growth.
Mechanism Curvature was not attributed to simple turgor changes.
Intervention effect Inversion reduced auxin induced curvature.
Intervention effect Horizontal rotation reduced auxin induced curvature.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the upper surface had no hyponastic effect.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid applied to the lower surface had no hyponastic effect.
Intervention effect 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid inhibited auxin induced hyponasty.
Association The inhibition by ethylene generating compound was additive to inversion inhibition.
Intervention effect Long term lower leaf surface auxin application caused hyponasty.
Observation Both application surfaces initially induced hyponastic curvature.
Mechanism Differential auxin transport and sensitivity were proposed to explain the responses.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Surface lime application is adequate for alfalfa establishment and production on acid soils.

Taxon: alfalfaMedicago sativae5
Treatment: surface lime applicatione5
Outcome: establishment and productione5

Verbatim

e5
“surface lime application is adequate for alfalfa establishment and production on acid soils”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1036–1127

Title

Response of Alfalfa Grown on Acid Soil to Different Chemical Amendments

J. E. Rechcigl; K. L. Edmisten; D. D. Wolf; et al. Agronomy Journal 1988. doi:10.2134/agronj1988.00021962008000030024x

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Surface application of lime increased alfalfa yields compared with the control in both 1985 and 1986.
Intervention effect Nitrogen addition of 224 kg N ha −1 increased alfalfa yields compared with no N.
Intervention effect Molybdenum addition increased alfalfa yields compared with the control.
Observation Soil pH averaged 4.8 and 6.7 in the surface soil of the limed and unlimed plots, respectively.
Observation Exchangeable Al averaged 2 and 21 mg kg −1 in the surface soil of the limed and unlimed plots, respectively.
Mechanism Reduced N fixation appears to be a major limiting factor to alfalfa growth on acid soils.

Observationobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Deep K placement was not superior to surface K application.

Treatment: deep placement of K fertilizere0
Outcome: not superiore0
Direction: not superiore0
Comparator: surface applicatione0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“deep placement of K fertilizer was not superior to surface application.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1904–1975

Title

Subsoiling and Potassium Placement Effects on Water Relations and Yield of Cotton

D. Wayne Reeves; Gregory L. Mullins Agronomy Journal 1995. doi:10.2134/agronj1995.00021962008700050011x

Other claims from this paper (15)

Intervention effect Surface K without subsoiling had greatest soil water content; deep K placement had lowest.
Intervention effect Stomatal conductance was highest without K or subsoiling.
Intervention effect Stomatal conductance was lowest with K and subsoiling.
Observation There was no evidence of potassium or drought induced stomatal closure.
Association Stomatal closure was unrelated to leaf K deficiency severity.
Intervention effect All three potassium treatments increased leaf K at early bloom.
Intervention effect Subsoiling without K increased cotton plant size.
Intervention effect Subsoiling without K increased leaf K deficiency severity.
Intervention effect With surface K, subsoiling more than doubled total leaf area.
Intervention effect With surface K, subsoiling did not affect leaf K deficiency.
Intervention effect Among subsoiled treatments, deep K placement caused more severe leaf deficiency than surface K.
Intervention effect Subsoiling, especially with K, maximized seed cotton yield in both years.
Intervention effect Subsoiling with K reduced stomatal conductance.
Mechanism The authors reject stomatal closure and premature senescence as likely mechanisms of late-season K deficiency.
Recommendation Subsoiling was necessary for maximum cotton yield on this hardpan soil.

Observationobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Both sideband and surface chloride application were effective.

Taxon: canarygrassPhalaris aquaticat0
Treatment: Cl −e0
Outcome: both effectivee0

Verbatim

e0
“A sideband application or surface application of Cl − were both effective”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 795–868

t0
“annual canarygrass”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 67–85

Title

Interaction between chloride and both macro- and micronutrients in annual canarygrass

William Earl May; Michael MacGregor Canadian Journal of Plant Science 2022. doi:10.1139/cjps-2021-0157

Other claims from this paper (6)

Intervention effect Chloride increased grain yield by 70% at seven responsive site years.
Intervention effect Other nutrients were ineffective without chloride at responsive sites.
Observation At nonresponsive sites, nutrient responses occurred without chloride.
Observation Chloride affected canarygrass reproductive development.
Association Nitrogen was the main nutrient interacting with chloride.
Observation Canarygrass was not more responsive to phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, zinc, copper, manganese, and boron than other cereals.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Surface application of green manure silage damaged growing crops.

Taxon: growing cropse0
Treatment: surface application of green manure silagee0
Outcome: damage plantse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Verbatim

e0
“surface application of green manure silage to growing crops can damage plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 723–800

Title

Utilization of nitrogen in legume-based mobile green manures stored as compost or silage

Peter Sørensen; Erik Kristensen; Kennedy Odokonyero; et al. Organic Eprints (International Centre for Research in Organic Food Systems, and Research Institute of Organic Agriculture) 2013

Other claims from this paper (3)

Intervention effect Nitrogen availability was higher after green manure storage as silage than composting.
Recommendation The authors do not recommend surface application of green manure silage to growing crops.
Intervention effect Incorporation of silage before sowing had significant positive effects on crop yields.

Lexical search (BM25). All words must match; if nothing does, any word. Organism names also match every spelling of the same organism. No semantic search yet.

“surface application”

Claim types

Direction of the findings

Over time

Claim type

Research area

Polarity

Statistics