Search claims · PlantClaims

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Between-strain differences were smaller than year-to-year differences within strains.

Taxon: APPLESt0
Outcome: Differences among the four strainse0
Direction: smallere0
Comparator: differences in strains from one year to the nexte0

Verbatim

e0
“Differences among the four strains were smaller than differences in strains from one year to the next.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 460–562

t0
“APPLES”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 9–15

Title

MCINTOSH APPLES COMPARED WITH FRUIT OF THREE SPUR STRAINS

W. DAVID LANE; MICHAEL M. MEHERIUK Canadian Journal of Plant Science 1976. doi:10.4141/cjps76-137

Other claims from this paper (8)

Observation Stem-associated defects did not differ between spur and standard McIntosh apples overall.
Association Flat stem cavities occurred more often in spur strains in two of three years.
Association Apples from spur strains were more elongate.
Association Apples from spur strains were equally uniform in shape.
Association Apples from spur strains were larger.
Association Firmness was lower in spur strain apples.
Association Soluble solids were lower in spur strain apples.
Mechanism Larger fruit may explain the lower firmness and soluble solids in spur strains.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Differences between observers often exceeded year-to-year changes in undisturbed grasslands.

Taxon: grassland plantt0
Outcome: Differences between estimates by individual observerse0
Direction: largere0
Comparator: usual year to year changes in undisturbed grasslandse0

Verbatim

e0
“Differences between estimates by individual observers were often larger than usual year to year changes in undisturbed grasslands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 985–1114

t0
“grassland plant”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–64

Title

Scale-dependent variation in visual estimates of grassland plant cover

Leoš Klimeš Journal of Vegetation Science 2003. doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2003)014[0815:sviveo]2.0.co;2

Other claims from this paper (7)

Method / resource Observer variation in total plant cover was high at small scales, with CV of 35 to 45%.
Method / resource Observer variation in total plant cover was lower at larger scales, with CV of 7 to 15%.
Method / resource Differences among observers in species cover estimates depended on plot size, total cover and plant morphology.
Method / resource Species cover CV ranged from 0 to 225% and decreased as plot size increased.
Method / resource For abundant plants, cover CV was about 50% independent of plot size.
Method / resource Variation in cover estimates was comparable with that in other vegetation types.
Recommendation The author recommends several observers work together and adjust extreme cover estimates.

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Maximum temperature and precipitation did not simply explain between-year differences.

Taxon: Bromus tectorum L.Bromus tectorume0
Outcome: Between-year differencese1
Setting: maximum temperature or total precipitation during maturatione1

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L., Poaceae)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–40

e1
“Between-year differences could not be explained simply by differences in maximum temperature or total precipitation during maturation”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1287–1420

Title

Bromus tectorum seed germination: between-population and between-year variation

Julie Beckstead; Susan E. Meyer; Phil S. Allen Canadian Journal of Botany 1996. doi:10.1139/b96-109

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Between-site susceptibility differences disappeared the next year.

Outcome: these differences disappearede0

Not reportedTaxon

Verbatim

e0
“in the year after spraying these differences disappeared.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 868–925

Title

Chemical control of marsh ragwort (Senecio aquaticus Huds.) in established grassland

JAMES C. FORBES Weed Research 1977. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.1977.tb00475.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Intervention effect All herbicides controlled ragwort better the following year than the spray year.
Intervention effect 2,4-D ester, with or without asulam, was the most effective herbicide.
Intervention effect MCPA was less effective, especially in the spray year.
Intervention effect Asulam alone consistently gave the poorest control.
Intervention effect May spraying controlled ragwort better than April spraying in the application year.
Intervention effect Spray timing made no difference to control in the next year.
Observation Ragwort susceptibility to herbicides varied among sites during the spray year.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The significance of soil reaction differences between deficient and normal orchards varied by year.

Taxon: CitrusCitrust0
Outcome: differences of soil reactionse0
Qualifier: year by yeare0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“the differences of soil reactions between manganese deficient soils and normal soils varied in significancy year by year”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1584–1704

t0
“Citrus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 35–41

Title

Studies on manganese deficiency in Citrus. III

R. OGATA Journal of the Japanese Society for Horticultural Science 1967. doi:10.2503/jjshs.36.55

Other claims from this paper (9)

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Later in the year, regional differences within Germany exceeded differences between countries.

Taxon: plantsViridiplantaee1
Outcome: differences between maritime and more continental regionse0
Direction: more importante0
Setting: Germanye0

Verbatim

e0
“Later on in the year, differences between maritime and more continental regions within Germany become more important than differences between the two countries.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 867–1027

e1
“Phases of plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 199–215

Title

50-year time series of phenological phases in Germany and Slovakia: a statistical comparison

Peter Bissolli; Gerhard Müller-Westermeier; Ernst Dittmann; et al. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 2005. doi:10.1127/0941-2948/2005/0019

Other claims from this paper (6)

Associationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Yield differences between cultivar maturity classes varied by year, tillage and nitrogen.

Taxon: SunflowerHelianthus annuust0
Outcome: Yield differences between cultivar maturity classese0
Setting: year to yeare0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“Yield differences between cultivar maturity classes varied from year to year and with tillage and N level”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1190–1295

t0
“Sunflower”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 0–9

Title

Sunflower Response to Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization under Intensive Cropping in a Wheat Rotation

Ardell D. Halvorson; Alfred L. Black; Joseph M. Krupinsky; et al. Agronomy Journal 1999. doi:10.2134/agronj1999.914637x

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Minimum tillage yielded 1550 kg ha −1 sunflower seed, exceeding no-till and conventional tillage.
Intervention effect Increasing nitrogen above 34 kg N ha −1 generally increased yield, varying by year.
Intervention effect No-till at 101 kg N ha −1 produced a highest seed yield of 1638 kg ha −1.
Intervention effect Minimum tillage at 101 kg N ha −1 produced a highest seed yield of 1614 kg ha −1.
Association Water below 350 mm greatly reduced sunflower yield potential compared with 350 to 500 mm.
Association Water above 500 mm did not increase sunflower yield over 350 to 500 mm.
Intervention effect At low nitrogen, weeds were more problematic under no-till than conventional and minimum tillage.
Recommendation More nitrogen may be needed under no-till to optimize sunflower yield.
Recommendation Annual sunflower cropping is feasible in the northern Great Plains with minimum or no tillage and adequate nitrogen.

Associationauthor interpretationoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Large between-year thousand-grain-weight differences appeared related to water-soluble carbohydrate differences between heading and flowering.

Taxon: WheatTriticum aestivumt0
Compound: WSCe0
Outcome: large differences between yearse0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“large differences between years seemed to relate to differences in WSC content observed between heading and flowering”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1637–1754

t0
“Wheat”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 15–20

Title

Differences in Wheat Cultivar Response to Nitrogen Supply. II: Differences in N‐Metabolism‐Related Traits

F. Diekmann; G. Fischbeck Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 2005. doi:10.1111/j.1439-037x.2005.00166.x

Other claims from this paper (12)

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Differences between estimates by individual observers were often larger than usual year to year changes in undisturbed grasslands.

Taxon: grassland plantt0
Outcome: Differences between estimates by individual observerse1
Direction: largere1
Comparator: usual year to year changes in undisturbed grasslandse1

Verbatim

e1
“Differences between estimates by individual observers were often larger than usual year to year changes in undisturbed grasslands”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 991–1120

t0
“grassland plant cover”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 49–70

Title

Scale‐dependent variation in visual estimates of grassland plant cover

Leoš Klimeš Journal of Vegetation Science 2003. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02214.x

Other claims from this paper (7)

Observationobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Willow showed more nutrient differences between treated and control samples in year 12.

Taxon: willowSalixe0
Outcome: differences between controls and treated samplese0
Direction: greatere0
Qualifier: year 12 post-treatmente0

Verbatim

e0
“willow showed greater differences between controls and treated samples at year 12 post-treatment.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1099–1196

Title

Glyphosate-based herbicide contributes to nutrient variability in forest plants

Lisa J. Wood; Nicole Botten; Arthur L. Fredeen; et al. Frontiers in Forests and Global Change 2024. doi:10.3389/ffgc.2024.1463454

Other claims from this paper (8)

Intervention effect Mn consistently increased with GBH across the three focal species.
Association Plant tissue Mn and Zn concentrations correlated positively with glyphosate.
Association Plant tissue Ba, Ca, and Mg concentrations correlated negatively with glyphosate.
Association Plant tissue Ni concentration correlated negatively with glyphosate.
Association B, Ca, Mn and species significantly predicted GBH treatment.
Observation Fireweed showed more nutrient differences between treated and control samples in year one.
Observation Red osier dogwood showed more nutrient differences between treated and control samples in year one.
Recommendation Authors recommend further study of short and long term GBH impacts.

“Between-year differences”

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