Search claims · PlantClaims

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

GSH markedly increases extractable PAL activity in bean cells.

Taxon: beane1
Treatment: GSHe0
Gene: PALe0
Outcome: extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“GSH causes a marked increase in extractable PAL activity”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 716–772

e1
“cells of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 76–113

Title

Glutathione Causes a Massive and Selective Induction of Plant Defense Genes

Vincent P. M. Wingate; Michael A. Lawton; Christopher J. Lamb PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1988. doi:10.1104/pp.87.1.206

Other claims from this paper (6)

Observationobservedreview summarybasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Herbicides and other chemicals affect extractable PAL activity or PAL product production.

Taxon: plante1
Treatment: Various herbicides and other chemicalse0
Gene: PALe0
Outcome: extractable PAL activity levels and/or substantially alter PAL product productione0

Verbatim

e0
“Various herbicides and other chemicals dramatically affect extractable PAL activity levels and/or substantially alter PAL product production”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1668–1808

t0
“Bioherbicides”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 27–40

e1
“Plants use various physical and biochemical mechanisms”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 316–370

Title

Chemical Interactions with Bioherbicides to Improve Efficacy

Robert E. Hoagland Weed Technology 1996. doi:10.1017/s0890037x00040586

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment: Amitrolee0
Outcome: extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2110–2197

t0
“Soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 110–117

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: SoybeanGlycine maxt0
Treatment: paraquate0
Outcome: extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Amitrole and paraquat were the only herbicides that increased extractable PAL activity.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2110–2197

t0
“Soybean”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 110–117

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

More than 95% of extractable PAL was in the radicle.

Taxon: Lactuca sativaLactuca sativat0
Organ / stage: radiclee0
Outcome: extractable PALe0
Value: More than 95%e0

Verbatim

e0
“More than 95% of the extractable PAL was found to be present in the radicle.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1028–1104

t0
“Lactuca sativa”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 77–91

Title

Induction of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in germinating lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa)

Richard J. Daines; Subhash C. Minocha; G. Jose Kudakasseril Physiologia Plantarum 1983. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1983.tb06584.x

Other claims from this paper (18)

Observation Dry lettuce seeds had no detectable PAL activity.
Observation PAL became detectable within 4 hours of imbibition under white light.
Observation PAL specific activity increased rapidly over the next 12–16 hours.
Intervention effect Far-red light suppressed germination.
Intervention effect Far-red light suppressed PAL development.
Intervention effect GA3 caused almost complete dark germination without proportionate PAL increase.
Intervention effect GA3 did not induce proportionate increases in PAL.
Intervention effect CHDC inhibited germination in light and dark.
Intervention effect CHDC inhibited PAL activity in light and dark.
Intervention effect GA3 retarded radicle elongation in light.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine retarded radicle elongation in light.
Observation PAL activity declined concurrently.
Intervention effect Benzyladenine reversed CHDC effects on germination.
Intervention effect PAL activity remained highly reduced with benzyladenine after CHDC.
Intervention effect Transfer from white light to far red severely inhibited subsequent PAL increase.
Intervention effect Transfer from white light to far red severely inhibited radicle growth.
Association PAL induction was suggested to coincide with seed germination.
Association PAL amount per germinated seed was related to embryonic axis elongation.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: axese0
Treatment: atrazinee0
Outcome: Extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1976–2109

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: axese0
Treatment: fenurone0
Outcome: Extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1976–2109

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: axese0
Treatment: metribuzine0
Outcome: Extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1976–2109

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: axese0
Treatment: norflurazone0
Outcome: Extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1976–2109

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Propanil decreased extractable PAL activity.

Taxon: soybeanGlycine maxe0
Organ / stage: axese0
Treatment: propanile0
Outcome: Extractable PAL activitye0
Direction: decreasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Extractable PAL activity from soybean axes was decreased by atrazine, fenuron, metribuzin, norflurazon, propanil, propham, and 2,4-D.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1976–2109

Title

Effects of Herbicides on Growth and Extractable Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activity in Light- and Dark-Grown Soybean (Glycine max) Seedlings

Robert E. Hoagland; Stephen O. Duke Weed Science 1981. doi:10.1017/s0043174500039953

Other claims from this paper (17)

Intervention effect Most herbicides inhibited fresh weight, dry weight and elongation after 48 hours.
Observation Some treatments caused necrosis, secondary root stunting and root tip swelling.
Observation Roots were the most affected organs.
Observation Hypocotyls generally did not change.
Intervention effect Atrazine stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Fluridone stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Norflurazon stimulated hypocotyl elongation after 48 hours of light.
Intervention effect Atrazine decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Fenuron decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Metribuzin decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Norflurazon decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Propham decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect 2,4-D decreased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Amitrole increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Paraquat increased extractable PAL activity.
Intervention effect Other tested compounds had no effect on PAL.
Intervention effect None of the herbicides significantly affected in vitro PAL activity.

“extractable PAL”

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