Cichorium endivia 687 claims

species · family Asteraceae · green plant · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

Common name: endive — Also written in claims: endive · escarole · endives · Endive plants · C. endivia L · endive plant

48 spellings

Questions studied on this organism13 questions28 papers

Cichorium endiviaPhotograph: Frank C. Müller , Baden-Baden · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

687 claims

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Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The model generalized using 700 Cichorium endivia volumes and latent dimensionality 256.

Taxon: Cichorium endiviaCichorium endiviae0
Outcome: sufficient generalisatione0
Value: 700 (64×64×64)e0
Qualifier: 256e0

Verbatim

e0
“Our models reached sufficient generalisation with a data size of 800 volumes (64×64×64) for Beta vulgaris and 700 (64×64×64) for Cichorium endivia, using latent space dimensionality of 512 and 256, respectively”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 784–994

Title

PelletRayTion: unsupervised contaminants detection in pelleted seeds using high-throughput tomography and 3D β-VAE

Sherif Hamdy; Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat; Philippe Pannetier; et al. Seed Science and Technology 2026. doi:10.15258/sst.2026.54.2.04

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource The model generalized using 800 Beta vulgaris volumes and latent dimensionality 512.
Method / resource Detection balanced accuracy was 98.45 ± 0.95% for Beta vulgaris across 1–50% contamination.
Method / resource Detection balanced accuracy was 97.47 ± 0.95% for Cichorium endivia across 1–50% contamination.
Method / resource Models had zero false negatives.
Method / resource Models had a false alert range of 3.10% to 5.06%.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Detection balanced accuracy was 97.47 ± 0.95% for Cichorium endivia across 1–50% contamination.

Taxon: Cichorium endiviaCichorium endiviae0
Outcome: balanced accuracye0
Value: 97.47 ± 0.95%e0
Qualifier: 1–50% contaminatione0

Verbatim

e0
“Across 1–50% contamination, they achieved balanced accuracy of 98.45 ± 0.95% ( Beta vulgaris ) and 97.47 ± 0.95% ( Cichorium endivia ), with 0% false negatives and low false alerts (3.10% − 5.06%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1192

Title

PelletRayTion: unsupervised contaminants detection in pelleted seeds using high-throughput tomography and 3D β-VAE

Sherif Hamdy; Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat; Philippe Pannetier; et al. Seed Science and Technology 2026. doi:10.15258/sst.2026.54.2.04

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource The model generalized using 800 Beta vulgaris volumes and latent dimensionality 512.
Method / resource The model generalized using 700 Cichorium endivia volumes and latent dimensionality 256.
Method / resource Detection balanced accuracy was 98.45 ± 0.95% for Beta vulgaris across 1–50% contamination.
Method / resource Models had zero false negatives.
Method / resource Models had a false alert range of 3.10% to 5.06%.

Method / resourceobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Models had a false alert range of 3.10% to 5.06%.

Taxon: Cichorium endiviaCichorium endiviae0
Outcome: false alertse0
Value: 3.10% − 5.06%e0

Verbatim

e0
“Across 1–50% contamination, they achieved balanced accuracy of 98.45 ± 0.95% ( Beta vulgaris ) and 97.47 ± 0.95% ( Cichorium endivia ), with 0% false negatives and low false alerts (3.10% − 5.06%)”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 996–1192

Title

PelletRayTion: unsupervised contaminants detection in pelleted seeds using high-throughput tomography and 3D β-VAE

Sherif Hamdy; Ludivine Soubigou-Taconnat; Philippe Pannetier; et al. Seed Science and Technology 2026. doi:10.15258/sst.2026.54.2.04

Other claims from this paper (5)

Method / resource The model generalized using 800 Beta vulgaris volumes and latent dimensionality 512.
Method / resource The model generalized using 700 Cichorium endivia volumes and latent dimensionality 256.
Method / resource Detection balanced accuracy was 98.45 ± 0.95% for Beta vulgaris across 1–50% contamination.
Method / resource Detection balanced accuracy was 97.47 ± 0.95% for Cichorium endivia across 1–50% contamination.
Method / resource Models had zero false negatives.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.

Taxon: EndiveCichorium endiviat0
Treatment: BPe0
Outcome: intermediate plant growthe0
Direction: comparable or enhancede0
Qualifier: contingent on rates or application methode0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Application of BP provided comparable or enhanced intermediate plant growth, contingent on rates or application method.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 676–795

t0
“Endive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–60

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.
Intervention effect BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.
Observation The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.
Intervention effect Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.
Observation The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.
Intervention effect Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.

Taxon: EndiveCichorium endiviat0
Treatment: Sole BP applicatione0
Outcome: plant growthe0
Direction: declinede0
Qualifier: inadequate N supplye0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Sole BP application declined plant growth due to the inadequate N supply.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 796–869

t0
“Endive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–60

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.
Intervention effect BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.
Observation The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.
Intervention effect Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.
Observation The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.
Intervention effect Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.

Taxon: EndiveCichorium endiviat0
Treatment: BP2e0
Outcome: intermediate leaf N contente0
Direction: elevatede0
Comparator: BP1e0

Verbatim

e0
“BP2 elevated intermediate leaf N content compared to BP1”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 885–941

t0
“Endive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–60

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.
Intervention effect Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.
Observation The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.
Intervention effect Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.
Observation The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.
Intervention effect Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.

Taxon: EndiveCichorium endiviat0
Outcome: differencee0
Direction: subsidede0
Qualifier: by the final samplinge0

Verbatim

e0
“this difference subsided by the final sampling.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 947–994

t0
“Endive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–60

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.
Intervention effect Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.
Intervention effect BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.
Intervention effect Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.
Observation The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.
Intervention effect Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.

Taxon: EndiveCichorium endiviat0
Treatment: Fertigation of BPe0
Outcome: soil electrical conductivity and nutrient contente0
Direction: increasede0
Qualifier: by the final samplinge0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“Fertigation of BP increased the soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content, by the final sampling”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 995–1099

t0
“Endive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–60

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.
Intervention effect Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.
Intervention effect BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.
Observation The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.
Observation The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.
Intervention effect Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.

Observationobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.

Taxon: EndiveCichorium endiviat0
Outcome: plants benefite0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0
“this was not reflected to plants benefit.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1105–1146

t0
“Endive”
✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 54–60

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.
Intervention effect Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.
Intervention effect BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.
Observation The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.
Intervention effect Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.
Intervention effect Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.

Intervention effectauthor interpretationoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Nutrient limitation under sole biowaste product application increased hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.

Taxon: endive’sCichorium endiviae0
Treatment: sole BP applicatione0
Outcome: hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levelse0
Direction: increasinge0
Qualifier: nutrient limitatione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“The sole BP application may not have sufficiently addressed endive’s nutrient demands, with nutrient limitation increasing hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde levels.”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1147–1315

Title

Application of Municipal Biowaste-derived Products in Endive (Cichorium endivia L.) Cultivation with Putative Minerals Contribution and Fertilizer Replacements

Giannis Neofytou; Michalis Koutinas; Nikolaos Tzortzakis Journal of soil science and plant nutrition 2026. doi:10.1007/s42729-026-03075-1

Other claims from this paper (12)

Intervention effect Biowaste products produced comparable or enhanced intermediate endive growth depending on rate and application.
Intervention effect Sole biowaste product application reduced endive growth due to inadequate nitrogen supply.
Intervention effect BP2 raised intermediate leaf nitrogen content relative to BP1.
Observation The BP2 versus BP1 leaf nitrogen difference had subsided by final sampling.
Intervention effect Biowaste product fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity and nutrient content at final sampling.
Observation The soil changes under biowaste fertigation were not reflected in plant benefit.
Intervention effect Biowaste product application enhanced total phenolics and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity relative to CF.
Intervention effect Combining CF and BP promoted endive growth relative to sole BP.
Intervention effect The combined CF and BP treatment increased leaf nitrogen accumulation.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP improved total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity relative to CF alone.
Intervention effect Combined CF and BP maintained endive growth while increasing bioactive compounds.
Recommendation The authors propose biowaste products to reduce mineral fertilizer use and enhance produce quality.