Dianthus barbatus 270 claims

species · family Caryophyllaceae · green plant · NCBI Taxonomy ↗

Common name: sweet William — Also written in claims: sweet william · D.barbatus

12 spellings

Questions studied on this organism5 questions8 papers

Dianthus barbatusBenjamin Zwittnig · CC BY 2.5 si · Wikimedia Commons ↗

270 claims

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Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: salinitye0
Outcome: growthe0
Direction: reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“salinity caused significant reduction in growth, increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–924

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: salinitye0
Outcome: electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levelse0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“salinity caused significant reduction in growth, increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–924

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: salinitye0
Outcome: activities of antioxidant enzymese0
Direction: increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0
“salinity caused significant reduction in growth, increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels, and increased activities of antioxidant enzymes”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 770–924

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: 90 mM NaCle3
Outcome: growth defectse3
Direction: increasee3

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

e3
“At an increase in growth defects among the saline treatments, a positive level of 90 mM NaCl was recorded”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 926–1031

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: the imposition of See4
Outcome: growth traitse4
Direction: improvede4
Qualifier: in most aspectse4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

e4
“the imposition of Se improved some growth traits in most aspects: phenolic and flavonoid contents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1041–1138

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: the imposition of See4
Outcome: phenolic and flavonoid contentse4
Direction: improvede4

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

e4
“the imposition of Se improved some growth traits in most aspects: phenolic and flavonoid contents”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1041–1138

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: See5
Outcome: antioxidant capacitye5
Direction: boostede5

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

e5
“antioxidant capacity was boosted in Se-stressed plants”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1140–1194

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: 10µM application levele6
Outcome: salinity tolerancee6
Direction: enhancinge6
Qualifier: in most of salinity treatments and controlse6

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

e6
“at 10µM application level in most of salinity treatments and controls, enhancing the salinity tolerance was reflected”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1204–1321

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Mechanismauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.

Taxon: Dianthus barbatusDianthus barbatuse1
Treatment: See7
Outcome: tolerance capacity against salinitye2
Qualifier: cell membrane stabilizatione7

Verbatim

e1
“morpho-physiological and biochemical traits of Dianthus barbatus”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 594–658

e7
“cell membrane stabilization of Se through maintaining compounds with various protective functions coupled with enhancing their antioxidant enzyme capacity at efficient low doses”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1344–1521

e2
“Se application through foliage was an effective method to enhance the plant's tolerance capacity against salinity in sweet william”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1538–1668

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Recommendation Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Recommendationauthor interpretationoriginal resultpositivebasis n/a

Claim · model-written summary

Foliar Se application is an effective method to enhance salinity tolerance in sweet william.

Taxon: sweet williamDianthus barbatuse2
Outcome: Se application through foliagee2

Verbatim

e2
“Se application through foliage was an effective method to enhance the plant's tolerance capacity against salinity in sweet william”
✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1538–1668

Title

Selenium foliar application alleviates salinity stress in sweet william (Dianthus barbatus L.) by enhancing growth and reducing oxidative damage

Haider Adnan Alvan; Zohreh Jabbarzadeh; Javad Rezapour Fard; et al. Scientific Reports 2025. doi:10.1038/s41598-025-89463-6

Other claims from this paper (9)

Intervention effect Salinity reduced growth of sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde levels in sweet william.
Intervention effect Salinity increased activities of antioxidant enzymes in sweet william.
Intervention effect Growth defects increased among the saline treatments, and 90 mM NaCl was the saline level recorded.
Intervention effect Foliar Se improved some growth traits in most aspects.
Intervention effect Se improved phenolic and flavonoid contents in sweet william under salinity.
Intervention effect Se boosted antioxidant capacity in Se-stressed plants.
Intervention effect Se at 10µM enhanced salinity tolerance in most salinity treatments and controls.
Mechanism Se is proposed to stabilize cell membranes through compounds with protective functions, alongside enhanced antioxidant enzyme capacity, to raise tolerance against salinity.