Pinus monticola 594 claims

Claim · model-written summary

P. cinnamomi inoculation caused pine seedling mortality as early as 15 days.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolat0

Interactor

P. cinnamomiPhytophthora cinnamomie0pathogen

Outcome

mortality occurred as early as 15 days after inoculation with P. cinnamomi when the seedlings were maintained in warm temperature conditions (25°C).e0

Value

15 dayse0

Verbatim

e0

“mortality occurred as early as 15 days after inoculation with P. cinnamomi when the seedlings were maintained in warm temperature conditions (25°C).”

t0

“western white pine”

Claim · model-written summary

The P. cinnamomi cultures belonged to a main A2 clonal cluster.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolat0

Outcome

they belong to one of the two main clonal clusters of mating type A2e0

Verbatim

e0

“they belong to one of the two main clonal clusters of mating type A2”

t0

“western white pine”

Claim · model-written summary

Most difficult-to-infect (DI) full-sib families of western white pine had significantly lower disease assessment index scores than several other full-sib families selected for other partial resistance traits after inoculation with C. ribicola.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolat0

Material

DI familiese0

Interactor

Cronartium ribicolaCronartium ribicolat1pathogen

Outcome

DAI scorese0

Direction

lowere0

Comparator

several other full‐sib familiese1

Verbatim

e0

“Most DI families had significantly lower DAI scores”

e1

“several other full‐sib families”

t0

“western white pine”

t1

“Cronartium ribicola”

Claim · model-written summary

Most DI full-sib families of western white pine had significantly higher epicuticular wax content than the other full-sib families.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolat0

Material

DI familiese0

Outcome

epicuticular wax contente0

Direction

highere0

Comparator

several other full‐sib familiese1

Verbatim

e0

“Most DI families had significantly lower DAI scores and higher epicuticular wax content”

e1

“several other full‐sib families”

t0

“western white pine”

Claim · model-written summary

When the wax was removed from the needle surface, the disease assessment index of all full-sib families increased.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolat0

Material

all full‐sib familiese0

Treatment

When the wax was removed from the surface of needlese0

Interactor

Cronartium ribicolaCronartium ribicolat1pathogen

Outcome

DAIe0

Direction

increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Verbatim

e0

“When the wax was removed from the surface of needles, the DAI of all full‐sib families increased”

t0

“western white pine”

t1

“Cronartium ribicola”

Claim · model-written summary

Scanning electron microscopy showed that stomata in DI full-sib families are mostly occluded by epicuticular wax.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolat0

Material

DI full‐sib familiese0

Organ / stage

stomatae0

Outcome

mostly occluded by epicuticular waxe0

Not reportedDirection

Verbatim

e0

“Scanning electron microscopy revealed that stomata in DI full‐sib families are mostly occluded by epicuticular wax”

t0

“western white pine”

Claim · model-written summary

The authors suggest that the DI resistance mechanism of western white pine is related to needle surface epicuticular wax, which likely hinders penetration of stomata by fungal hyphae.

Taxon

western white pinePinus monticolae0

Interactor

Cronartium ribicolaCronartium ribicolat1pathogen

Outcome

DI resistancee0

Qualifier

likely hinders the penetration of stomata by fungal hyphaee0

Verbatim

e0

“the DI resistance mechanism of western white pine is related to needle surface epicuticular wax, which likely hinders the penetration of stomata by fungal hyphae”

t1

“Cronartium ribicola”

Claim · model-written summary

Attack by the mountain pine cone beetle showed a positive relationship with clone and cone color of western white pine.

Taxon

Pinus monticolaPinus monticolae0

Material

clonee0

Treatment

cone colore0

Interactor

Conophthorus monticolaee0pest

Outcome

attacke0

Direction

positivee1

Setting

Sandpoint Seed Orchard, Idahoe0

Verbatim

e0

“The relationship between clone and cone color in western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas, to attack by the mountain pine cone beetle, Conophthorus monticolae Hopkins, was studied in the Sandpoint Seed Orchard, Idaho”

e1

“A positive relationship was shown to exist during a 5 year field evaluation”

Claim · model-written summary

Cone beetles preferred dark colored cones of western white pine.

Taxon

Pinus monticolaPinus monticolae0

Treatment

dark colored conese2

Interactor

Cone beetlese2pest

Outcome

prefere2

Verbatim

e0

“The relationship between clone and cone color in western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas, to attack by the mountain pine cone beetle, Conophthorus monticolae Hopkins, was studied in the Sandpoint Seed Orchard, Idaho”

e2

“Cone beetles were found to prefer dark colored cones”

Claim · model-written summary

Cone beetles attacked certain clones of western white pine at a higher rate than others.

Taxon

Pinus monticolaPinus monticolae0

Material

certain clonese3

Outcome

attacke3

Direction

highere3

Comparator

otherse3

Verbatim

e0

“The relationship between clone and cone color in western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas, to attack by the mountain pine cone beetle, Conophthorus monticolae Hopkins, was studied in the Sandpoint Seed Orchard, Idaho”

e3

“attack certain clones at a higher rate than others”