Claim · model-written summary
Polluted Muntingia calabura leaves had elevated levels of Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn.
- Taxon
- Muntingia calabura
Muntingia calaburat0 - Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- elevated levels of Pb, Fe, Cu and Zne1
Verbatim
e1“Polluted leaves then were characterized by the existence of elevated levels of Pb, Fe, Cu and Zn”
t0“Muntingia calabura”
Title
Siti Zulaikah; Dewi Nur Alfiah; Asfiyanti Latifah; et al. International Journal of Environmental Impacts 2026. doi:10.56578/ijei090115
Other claims from this paper (11)
- Association Leaf magnetic susceptibility increased from 0.86 to 13.55 10^-8 m3/kg in polluted samples compared with non-polluted samples.
- Association Bark magnetic susceptibility increased from 0.21 to 2.55 10^-8 m3/kg in polluted samples compared with non-polluted samples.
- Association The pattern of magnetic susceptibility on leaves and barks follows the pattern of hydrocarbon production across sampling points.
- Mechanism The increase in magnetic susceptibility of polluted leaves and barks is thought to come from magnetic minerals and heavy metals in diesel-engine fly ash.
- Observation Average Pb concentration in the samples was 0.070 ppm.
- Observation Average Fe concentration in the samples was 13.322 ppm.
- Observation Average Cu concentration in the samples was 8.434 ppm.
- Observation Average Zn concentration in the samples was 11.668 ppm.
- Observation Average heavy metal concentrations exceeded the threshold of heavy metals content.
- Observation Pollution Load Index indicated very high and extremely high pollution levels in most areas.
- Observation Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb were the highest pollutant inputs, in that order.