Abstract
The effects of anhydrous ammonia on the refermentation of corn silage exposed to air were determined by measuring fermentation in a series of silage filled boxes over a 7-d period. Applications of anhydrous ammonia at 1% of dry matter at time of ensiling enhanced stability of corn silage following aeration. Temperature of untreated silage increased 75% during the first 4 d of refermentation and reached a higher (P<.05) maximum temperature than the ammoniated silage (48.0 vs 20.8 C). Ammoniated silage did not increase in temperature during the 7-d period. Mean dry matter loss was less (P<.05) for the treated silage. Untreated silage pH increased (P<.05) from 3.75 to 5.51 while pH of treated silage remained nearly constant. Lactic acid levels were higher initially (P<.05) in the ammoniated silage and changed little during refermentation. However, lactic acid levels decreased by 75% in the untreated silage by d 7 and were still lower (P<.05) in comparison to treated silage. Acetic and propionic acid levels in the untreated silage increased by 138 and 78%, respectively and were higher (P<.05) in comparison to treated silage on d 7. Although neither silage showed large changes in ammonia N, increases (P<.05) in acid detergent insoluble N were observed in the untreated silage toward the end of the refermentation period.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonia treatment improved corn silage stability after aeration.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- anhydrous ammonia at 1% of dry mattere0
- Outcome
- stability of corn silagee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Applications of anhydrous ammonia at 1% of dry matter at time of ensiling enhanced stability of corn silage following aeration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated silage temperature rose 75% over four days and reached a higher maximum than ammoniated silage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- ammoniated silagee0
- Outcome
- maximum temperaturee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 48.0 vs 20.8 Ce0
- Qualifier
- 75% during the first 4 de0
- Comparator
- untreated silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature of untreated silage increased 75% during the first 4 d of refermentation and reached a higher (P<.05) maximum temperature than the ammoniated silage (48.0 vs 20.8 C).”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammoniated silage temperature did not rise during seven days.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- temperaturee0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ammoniated silage did not increase in temperature during the 7-d period.”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammoniated silage had less mean dry matter loss than untreated silage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- treated silagee0
- Outcome
- Mean dry matter losse0
- Direction
- lesse0
- Comparator
- untreated silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mean dry matter loss was less (P<.05) for the treated silage.”
e1“Temperature of untreated silage increased 75%”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated silage pH rose from 3.75 to 5.51 while treated silage pH stayed nearly constant.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- treated silagee0
- Outcome
- pHe0
- Direction
- remained nearly constante0
- Qualifier
- from 3.75 to 5.51e0
- Comparator
- Untreated silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Untreated silage pH increased (P<.05) from 3.75 to 5.51 while pH of treated silage remained nearly constant.”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammoniated silage initially had higher lactic acid levels than untreated silage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- ammoniated silagee0
- Outcome
- Lactic acid levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- untreated silagee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactic acid levels were higher initially (P<.05) in the ammoniated silage”
e1“Temperature of untreated silage increased 75%”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Lactic acid changed little during refermentation in ammoniated silage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- ammoniated silagee0
- Outcome
- Lactic acid levelse0
- Direction
- changed littlee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lactic acid levels were higher initially (P<.05) in the ammoniated silage and changed little during refermentation.”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated silage lactic acid fell by 75% by day seven and remained below treated silage.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- treated silagee0
- Outcome
- lactic acid levelse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 75%e0
- Comparator
- untreated silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lactic acid levels decreased by 75% in the untreated silage by d 7 and were still lower (P<.05) in comparison to treated silage.”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated silage acetic acid increased 138% and exceeded treated silage at day seven.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- treated silagee0
- Outcome
- Acetic and propionic acid levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 138e0
- Comparator
- untreated silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetic and propionic acid levels in the untreated silage increased by 138 and 78%, respectively and were higher (P<.05) in comparison to treated silage on d 7.”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated silage propionic acid increased 78% and exceeded treated silage at day seven.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Treatment
- treated silagee0
- Outcome
- propionic acid levelse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 78%e0
- Comparator
- untreated silagee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Acetic and propionic acid levels in the untreated silage increased by 138 and 78%, respectively and were higher (P<.05) in comparison to treated silage on d 7.”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither silage had large changes in ammonia nitrogen.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- ammonia Ne0
- Direction
- neither silage showed large changese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neither silage showed large changes in ammonia N”
t0“Corn Silage”
Claim · model-written summary
Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen rose significantly in untreated silage late in refermentation.
- Taxon
- CornZea mays subsp. mayst0
- Outcome
- acid detergent insoluble Ne0
- Direction
- increasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increases (P<.05) in acid detergent insoluble N were observed in the untreated silage toward the end of the refermentation period.”
t0“Corn Silage”
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