Abstract
The high level of physiological fruitlet abscission in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) causes severe yield loss. Cell separation occurs at the fruit abscission zone (FAZ) and can be triggered by ethylene. However, a deep knowledge of the molecular events occurring in the FAZ is still unknown. Here, genome-wide digital transcript abundance (DTA) analysis of putative fruit abscission related genes regulated by ethephon in litchi were studied. More than 81 million high quality reads from seven ethephon treated and untreated control libraries were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Through DTA profile analysis in combination with Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses, a total of 2730 statistically significant candidate genes were involved in the ethephon-promoted litchi fruitlet abscission. Of these, there were 1867 early-responsive genes whose expressions were up- or down-regulated from 0 to 1 d after treatment. The most affected genes included those related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, auxin transport and signaling, transcription factors (TFs), protein ubiquitination, ROS response, calcium signal transduction, and cell wall modification. These genes could be clustered into four groups and 13 subgroups according to their similar expression patterns. qRT-PCR displayed the expression pattern of 41 selected candidate genes, which proved the accuracy of our DTA data. Ethephon treatment significantly increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of fruitlet. The possible molecular events to control the ethephon-promoted litchi fruitlet abscission were prompted out. The increased ethylene evolution in fruitlet would suppress the synthesis and polar transport of auxin and trigger abscission signaling. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to monitor the gene expression profile occurring in the FAZ-enriched pedicel during litchi fruit abscission induced by ethephon on the genome-wide level. This study will contribute to a better understanding for the molecular regulatory mechanism of fruit abscission in litchi.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Sequencing yielded more than 81 million high-quality reads.
LitchiOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“More than 81 million high quality reads from seven ethephon treated and untreated control libraries were obtained by high-throughput sequencing”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
The analysis identified 2730 significant candidate genes involved in ethephon-promoted abscission.
- Outcome
- candidate genes were involved in the ethephon-promoted litchi fruitlet abscissione0
- Value
- 2730e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a total of 2730 statistically significant candidate genes were involved in the ethephon-promoted litchi fruitlet abscission”
Claim · model-written summary
Among candidates, 1867 genes responded early with up- or down-regulation within one day.
- Outcome
- early-responsive genes whose expressionse0
- Direction
- up- or down-regulatede0
- Value
- 1867e0
- Qualifier
- from 0 to 1 d after treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were 1867 early-responsive genes whose expressions were up- or down-regulated from 0 to 1 d after treatment”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
The most affected genes covered ethylene, auxin, transcription, ubiquitination, ROS, calcium and cell wall processes.
- Outcome
- most affected genese0
- Qualifier
- ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, auxin transport and signaling, transcription factors (TFs), protein ubiquitination, ROS response, calcium signal transduction, and cell wall modificatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The most affected genes included those related to ethylene biosynthesis and signaling, auxin transport and signaling, transcription factors (TFs), protein ubiquitination, ROS response, calcium signal transduction, and cell wall modification.”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Genes clustered into four groups and 13 subgroups by expression pattern.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These genes could be clustered into four groups and 13 subgroups according to their similar expression patterns”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
qRT-PCR patterns for 41 genes supported the DTA results.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“qRT-PCR displayed the expression pattern of 41 selected candidate genes, which proved the accuracy of our DTA data”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon significantly increased fruitlet abscission.
- Treatment
- Ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- fruit abscissione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon treatment significantly increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of fruitlet”
e1“ethephon treated and untreated control libraries”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethephon significantly increased fruitlet ethylene production.
- Treatment
- Ethephon treatmente0
- Outcome
- ethylene production of fruitlete0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- untreated controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethephon treatment significantly increased fruit abscission and ethylene production of fruitlet”
e1“ethephon treated and untreated control libraries”
t0“litchi”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose that increased ethylene suppresses auxin synthesis and polar transport and initiates abscission signaling.
- Compound
- ethylenee0
- Outcome
- abscission signalinge0
- Qualifier
- suppress the synthesis and polar transport of auxine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The increased ethylene evolution in fruitlet would suppress the synthesis and polar transport of auxin and trigger abscission signaling”
t0“litchi”
The same questions in other papers
(2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid · yield · LitchiPositive and negative results
3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.