Paper · 2012 · International Journal of Phytopathology

Effect of Treatment with Mold Inhibitors on Plant Growth of Corn and some Nutritional Components of Stored Grains, Infected with A. flavus and F. verticilloides

Ibrahim A. Elsamra; Saad M. Shama; Akila S. Hamza; et al.

19
claims
30
verbatim quotes
4
citations
4
research areas
✓
Open access · cc-by

Abstract

Planting sterilized corn grains in soil, treated with the mold inhibitors Fix-a-tox (FAT) or Antitox Plus (AP) resulted, in cases, in dwarfed and malformed corn plants and in the development of deformed, bone-shaped and grain-free corn cobs. Moreover, treating corn grains with the mold inhibitors before storage for one month caused significant changes in some nutritional components of corn grains, i.e. proteins, aminoacids, crude fibers, moisture, fats, ash and carbohydrates. Insignificant differences in protein percetage were detected between control inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and those treated with butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidant or FAT treatments, whereas ground clove significantly reduced protein content. In corn grains inoculated with Fusariumverticillioides, previous treatment with FAT resulted in significant reduction in the content of proline, aspartic acid, cysteine, valine, isoleucine and leucine, whereas treatment with BHA significantly reduced the content of threonine, serine, glutamic, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine and tyrosine. In Aspergillus flavus treatments, FAT significantly increased the content of methionine and threonine, whereas, aspartic acid showed 26 percentage decreases, compared to the control. Pronounced reductions in threonine, isoleucine and leucine were also detected in corn grains treated with BHA. Significant increases in fiber content were detected in inoculated corn grains treated with BHA, attaining 1.34 to 2.05-fold over that of control, respectively. Treatment with FAT and BHA led to pronounced reductions in moisture content in corn inoculated with both F. verticilloides and A. flavus trials. However, treatment with ground clove significantly increased the moisture content in A. flavus treatment. FAT treatment led to significant increase in ash and fat contents in both A. flavus and F. verticilloides treatments, whereas the other tested treatments of F. verticilloides significantly reduced ash content. Treatment with ground clove significantly reduced fat content in A. flavus treatment. All the tested materials significantly reduced carbohydrate content.

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 19

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fix-a-tox treatment sometimes produced dwarfed and malformed corn plants and deformed grain-free cobs.

Treatment
Fix-a-tox (FAT)e0
Outcome
dwarfed and malformed corn plants and in the development of deformed, bone-shaped and grain-free corn cobse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Planting sterilized corn grains in soil, treated with the mold inhibitors Fix-a-tox (FAT) or Antitox Plus (AP) resulted, in cases, in dwarfed and malformed corn plants and in the development of deformed, bone-shaped and grain-free corn cobs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–240 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Antitox Plus treatment sometimes produced dwarfed and malformed corn plants and deformed grain-free cobs.

Treatment
Antitox Plus (AP)e0
Outcome
dwarfed and malformed corn plants and in the development of deformed, bone-shaped and grain-free corn cobse0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Planting sterilized corn grains in soil, treated with the mold inhibitors Fix-a-tox (FAT) or Antitox Plus (AP) resulted, in cases, in dwarfed and malformed corn plants and in the development of deformed, bone-shaped and grain-free corn cobs”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–240 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Mold inhibitor treatment before storage significantly changed several nutritional components of corn grains.

Treatment
mold inhibitorse0
Outcome
nutritional components of corn grainse0
Qualifier
before storage for one monthe0

Not reportedComparatorDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“treating corn grains with the mold inhibitors before storage for one month caused significant changes in some nutritional components of corn grains, i.e. proteins, aminoacids, crude fibers, moisture, fats, ash and carbohydrates”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 252–479 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectnot significant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

BHA and FAT did not significantly differ from control for protein percentage in A. flavus inoculated corn.

Treatment
butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidant or FAT treatmentse0
Interactor
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
protein percetagee0
Comparator
control inoculated with Aspergillus flavuse0

Not reportedDirection

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Insignificant differences in protein percetage were detected between control inoculated with Aspergillus flavus and those treated with butyl hydroxyanisole (BHA) antioxidant or FAT treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 481–672 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ground clove significantly reduced protein content in A. flavus inoculated corn.

Treatment
ground clovee0
Outcome
protein contente0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“whereas ground clove significantly reduced protein content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 674–732 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FAT significantly reduced six amino acids in F. verticillioides inoculated corn grains.

Treatment
FATe0
Interactor
Fusariumverticillioidese0pathogen
Outcome
content of proline, aspartic acid, cysteine, valine, isoleucine and leucinee0
Direction
reductione0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In corn grains inoculated with Fusariumverticillioides, previous treatment with FAT resulted in significant reduction in the content of proline, aspartic acid, cysteine, valine, isoleucine and leucine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 734–934 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

BHA significantly reduced seven amino acids in F. verticillioides inoculated corn grains.

Treatment
BHAe0
Outcome
content of threonine, serine, glutamic, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine and tyrosinee0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“treatment with BHA significantly reduced the content of threonine, serine, glutamic, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine and tyrosine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 944–1073 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FAT increased methionine and threonine content under A. flavus treatment.

Treatment
FATe0
Interactor
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
content of methionine and threoninee0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“In Aspergillus flavus treatments, FAT significantly increased the content of methionine and threonine”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1075–1176 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Aspartic acid decreased 26 percentage under A. flavus treatments.

Outcome
aspartic acide0
Direction
decreasese0
Value
26 percentagee0
Comparator
the controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“aspartic acid showed 26 percentage decreases, compared to the control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1187–1256 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BHA reduced threonine, isoleucine and leucine in corn grains.

Treatment
BHAe0
Outcome
threonine, isoleucine and leucinee0
Direction
reductionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Pronounced reductions in threonine, isoleucine and leucine were also detected in corn grains treated with BHA”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1258–1367 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

BHA significantly increased fiber content in inoculated corn grains.

Treatment
BHAe0
Outcome
fiber contente0
Direction
increasese0
Value
1.34 to 2.05-folde0
Comparator
controle0

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Significant increases in fiber content were detected in inoculated corn grains treated with BHA, attaining 1.34 to 2.05-fold over that of control”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1369–1514 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

FAT reduced moisture in corn inoculated with both fungi.

Treatment
FATe0
Interactor
F. verticilloidese0pathogen
Second interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
moisture contente0
Direction
reductionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · Second interactorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Treatment with FAT and BHA led to pronounced reductions in moisture content in corn inoculated with both F. verticilloides and A. flavus trials”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1530–1673 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

BHA reduced moisture in corn inoculated with both fungi.

Treatment
BHAe0
Interactor
F. verticilloidese0pathogen
Second interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
moisture contente0
Direction
reductionse0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · Second interactorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Treatment with FAT and BHA led to pronounced reductions in moisture content in corn inoculated with both F. verticilloides and A. flavus trials”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1530–1673 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ground clove increased moisture content in A. flavus treated corn.

Treatment
ground clovee0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
moisture contente0
Direction
increasede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“treatment with ground clove significantly increased the moisture content in A. flavus treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1684–1779 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FAT increased ash content in both fungal treatments.

Treatment
FATe0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Second interactor
F. verticilloidese0pathogen
Outcome
ashe0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“FAT treatment led to significant increase in ash and fat contents in both A. flavus and F. verticilloides treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1781–1897 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

FAT increased fat content in both fungal treatments.

Treatment
FATe0
Outcome
fat contentse0
Direction
increasee0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“FAT treatment led to significant increase in ash and fat contents in both A. flavus and F. verticilloides treatments”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1781–1897 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Other tested treatments reduced ash content in F. verticillioides inoculated corn.

Treatment
other tested treatmentse0
Interactor
F. verticilloidese0pathogen
Outcome
ash contente0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“the other tested treatments of F. verticilloides significantly reduced ash content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1907–1989 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultsignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

Ground clove reduced fat content in A. flavus treated corn.

Treatment
ground clovee0
Interactor
A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
Outcome
fat contente0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavus · InteractorUS gov · Public domain · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“Treatment with ground clove significantly reduced fat content in A. flavus treatment”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 1991–2075 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativesignificant (as stated)measured

Claim · model-written summary

All tested materials reduced carbohydrate content.

Treatment
All the tested materialse0
Outcome
carbohydrate contente0
Direction
reducede0

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Zea mays subsp. mays
Zea mays subsp. mays · TaxonDominicus Johannes Bergsma · CC BY-SA 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e0

“All the tested materials significantly reduced carbohydrate content”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 2077–2144 · show in text ↑
t0

“Corn”

✓ located verbatim in the source · title, characters 60–64 · show in text ↑

Syzygium aromaticum · quality: protein · Zea mays (maize)Positive and negative results

2 papers: 1 positive, 1 negative or no effect

1 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.