Abstract
Optimum level of calcium (Ca) in saline soils is a critical factor in controlling the toxic effect of some ions, especially in plants sensitive to sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) damage. To evaluate the effect of salinity and supplementary calcium (S-Ca) on vegetative growth, fruit yield and concentration of some nutrients in roots, shoots, and fruits of strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in 5×3 factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments included three levels of salinity (0, 20, and 40 mM as NaCl) and five levels of supplementary Ca (0, 5, and 10 mM added to nutrient solution, 0.5 and 1 % foliar application as CaCl2). The results showed that addition of NaCl to nutrient solution, negatively affected root and shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight. Reduction of shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight were higher than those of roots. Application of S-Ca not only did not improve the vegetative growth and fruit yield, but rather decreased them. Salinity (NaCl) treatments increased the concentration of Na in roots, shoots and fruits but application of 5 and 10 mM S-Ca levels decreased Na concentration in roots. By addition of NaCl to nutrient solution, the shoot Ca concentration was decreased in some treatments, but roots and fruits’ Ca concentration was not affected. Application of S-Ca increased Ca concentration in all organs of strawberry plants. By application of NaCl, potassium (K) concentration was decreased in roots, but increased in fruits and was not affected in shoots. K concentration did not change in roots in the S-Ca applied treatments, but decreased in shoots and increased in fruits. Simultaneous application of salinity and S-Ca decreased roots’ magnesium concentration in all treatments and shoots and fruits’ concentration in some treatments. In general, although supplementary Ca increased its concentration in different plant organs, but was not effective in alleviation of the negative effects of salinity on vegetative growth and fruit yield of strawberry plants.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl in the nutrient solution decreased root and shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberry
_single2.jpg?width=60)
Fragaria ×ananassae0 - Material
- cv. Selvae0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl to nutrient solutione2
- Outcome
- root and shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weighte2
- Direction
- decreaseinferrede2
- Setting
- greenhouse experimente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_single2.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e2“addition of NaCl to nutrient solution, negatively affected root and shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary calcium did not improve and rather decreased vegetative growth and fruit yield of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- Application of S-Cae5
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and fruit yielde5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e5“Application of S-Ca not only did not improve the vegetative growth and fruit yield, but rather decreased them”
Claim · model-written summary
Reductions in shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight under NaCl were higher than the reduction in roots.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl to nutrient solutione2
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weighte6
- Direction
- highere6
- Comparator
- rootse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e2“addition of NaCl to nutrient solution, negatively affected root and shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight”
e6“Reduction of shoot dry weight and fruit fresh weight were higher than those of roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased sodium concentration in roots, shoots and fruits of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- roots, shoots and fruitse7
- Treatment
- Salinity (NaCl)e7
- Outcome
- concentration of Nae7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e7“Salinity (NaCl) treatments increased the concentration of Na in roots, shoots and fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of 5 and 10 mM S-Ca decreased sodium concentration in roots of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- 5 and 10 mM S-Cae1
- Outcome
- Na concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e1“application of 5 and 10 mM S-Ca levels decreased Na concentration in roots”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased shoot calcium concentration of strawberry in some treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- shoote3
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl to nutrient solutione3
- Outcome
- shoot Ca concentratione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
- Qualifier
- in some treatmentse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e3“By addition of NaCl to nutrient solution, the shoot Ca concentration was decreased in some treatments, but roots and fruits’ Ca concentration was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not change calcium concentration in roots and fruits of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- roots and fruitse3
- Treatment
- addition of NaCl to nutrient solutione3
- Outcome
- Ca concentratione3
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e3“By addition of NaCl to nutrient solution, the shoot Ca concentration was decreased in some treatments, but roots and fruits’ Ca concentration was not affected”
Claim · model-written summary
Application of S-Ca increased calcium concentration in all organs of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae4
- Organ / stage
- all organse4
- Treatment
- Application of S-Cae4
- Outcome
- Ca concentratione4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Application of S-Ca increased Ca concentration in all organs of strawberry plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl decreased potassium concentration in roots of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse5
- Treatment
- application of NaCle5
- Outcome
- potassium (K) concentratione5
- Direction
- decreasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e5“By application of NaCl, potassium (K) concentration was decreased in roots, but increased in fruits and was not affected in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl increased potassium concentration in fruits of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse5
- Treatment
- application of NaCle5
- Outcome
- potassium (K) concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e5“By application of NaCl, potassium (K) concentration was decreased in roots, but increased in fruits and was not affected in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
NaCl did not change potassium concentration in shoots of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse5
- Treatment
- application of NaCle5
- Outcome
- potassium (K) concentratione5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e5“By application of NaCl, potassium (K) concentration was decreased in roots, but increased in fruits and was not affected in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
S-Ca did not change potassium concentration in roots of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse6
- Treatment
- S-Ca applied treatmentse6
- Outcome
- K concentratione6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e6“K concentration did not change in roots in the S-Ca applied treatments, but decreased in shoots and increased in fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
S-Ca decreased potassium concentration in shoots of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- shootse6
- Treatment
- S-Ca applied treatmentse6
- Outcome
- K concentratione6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e6“K concentration did not change in roots in the S-Ca applied treatments, but decreased in shoots and increased in fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
S-Ca increased potassium concentration in fruits of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- fruitse6
- Treatment
- S-Ca applied treatmentse6
- Outcome
- K concentratione6
- Direction
- increasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e6“K concentration did not change in roots in the S-Ca applied treatments, but decreased in shoots and increased in fruits”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salinity and S-Ca decreased magnesium concentration in roots of strawberry in all treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse7
- Treatment
- Simultaneous application of salinity and S-Cae7
- Outcome
- magnesium concentratione7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- in all treatmentse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e7“Simultaneous application of salinity and S-Ca decreased roots’ magnesium concentration in all treatments and shoots and fruits’ concentration in some treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined salinity and S-Ca decreased magnesium concentration in shoots and fruits of strawberry in some treatments.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae0
- Organ / stage
- shoots and fruitse7
- Treatment
- Simultaneous application of salinity and S-Cae7
- Outcome
- magnesium concentratione7
- Direction
- decreasede7
- Qualifier
- in some treatmentse7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“strawberry (Fragaria ananaassa Duch) cv. Selva, a greenhouse experiment was carried out”
e7“Simultaneous application of salinity and S-Ca decreased roots’ magnesium concentration in all treatments and shoots and fruits’ concentration in some treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Supplementary calcium did not alleviate the negative effects of salinity on vegetative growth and fruit yield of strawberry.
- Taxon
- strawberryFragaria ×ananassae1
- Treatment
- supplementary Cae1
- Outcome
- vegetative growth and fruit yielde1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
- Qualifier
- not effective in alleviation of the negative effects of salinitye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“although supplementary Ca increased its concentration in different plant organs, but was not effective in alleviation of the negative effects of salinity on vegetative growth and fruit yield of strawberry plants”
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