Abstract
Diseases induced by Fusarium, like damping-off and wilt on cucumber, are serious problems around the world. Samples of cucumber seeds were collected from commercial markets in Egypt and tested for seed-borne fungi. In order to detect the maximum number of internal and external seed-borne fungi, agar plate examination of disinfected and non-disinfected seeds were used. Two species of Fusarium were the most frequent and predominant fungi. Facultative parasites of the genera Alternaria, Rhizoctonia, Helminthosporium and Penicillium were also found. A total 33 isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained using Komada’s selective medium. Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani were highly frequent. Pathogenicity test indicated that, F. oxysporum isolate (Fem8) was the main causal organism of pre- and post-emergence damping off. Furthermore, it occurred in all seed parts tested. Some infected seeds germinate, but they were either rapidly overgrown by F. oxysporum or they developed into a diseased seedling. The water extract of garlic, peppermint and rheum completely inhibited the conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at tested conc. 3, 2 and 3%, respectively. Soaked seeds in 2% peppermint extract and evaporated seeds by vapor of peppermint oil caused a highly reduction in the infection and reduced transmission of the referred fungi from seeds to the growing seedlings. The vigor of cucumber seedlings raised from the treated seeds was better than that developed from untreated ones.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium species were the most frequent and predominant seed-borne fungi of cucumber seeds.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativust0 - Outcome
- most frequent and predominant fungie0
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e0“Two species of Fusarium were the most frequent and predominant fungi”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium oxysporum isolate Fem8 was the main causal organism of pre- and post-emergence damping off of cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum isolate (Fem8)
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen - Outcome
- main causal organism of pre- and post-emergence damping offe1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e1“F. oxysporum isolate (Fem8) was the main causal organism of pre- and post-emergence damping off”
Claim · model-written summary
Water extract of garlic completely inhibited conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at 3%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- water extract of garlice2
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidiospore germination and mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- completely inhibitede2
- Value
- 3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e2“The water extract of garlic, peppermint and rheum completely inhibited the conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at tested conc. 3, 2 and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Water extract of peppermint completely inhibited conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- pepperminte2
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidiospore germination and mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- completely inhibitede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e2“The water extract of garlic, peppermint and rheum completely inhibited the conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at tested conc. 3, 2 and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Water extract of rheum completely inhibited conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at 3%.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- rheume2
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume2pathogen
- Outcome
- conidiospore germination and mycelial growthe2
- Direction
- completely inhibitede2
- Value
- 3%e2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e2“The water extract of garlic, peppermint and rheum completely inhibited the conidiospore germination and mycelial growth of F. oxysporum at tested conc. 3, 2 and 3%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Soaking cucumber seeds in 2% peppermint extract strongly reduced infection and transmission of the seed-borne fungi to seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- Soaked seeds in 2% peppermint extracte3
- Outcome
- infection and reduced transmissione3
- Direction
- highly reductione3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e3“Soaked seeds in 2% peppermint extract and evaporated seeds by vapor of peppermint oil caused a highly reduction in the infection and reduced transmission of the referred fungi from seeds to the growing seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Evaporated seeds exposed to peppermint oil vapor reduced infection and transmission of the seed-borne fungi to seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- evaporated seeds by vapor of peppermint oile3
- Outcome
- infection and reduced transmissione3
- Direction
- reducede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e3“Soaked seeds in 2% peppermint extract and evaporated seeds by vapor of peppermint oil caused a highly reduction in the infection and reduced transmission of the referred fungi from seeds to the growing seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings raised from treated seeds had better vigor than seedlings from untreated seeds.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse4
- Treatment
- treated seedse4
- Outcome
- vigor of cucumber seedlingse4
- Direction
- bettere4
- Comparator
- untreated onese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“The vigor of cucumber seedlings raised from the treated seeds was better than that developed from untreated ones”
Claim · model-written summary
Facultative parasites of the genera Alternaria, Rhizoctonia, Helminthosporium and Penicillium were also found on cucumber seeds.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- Alternaria
Alternariae5pathogen - Second interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae5pathogen - Outcome
- Facultative parasitese5
- Qualifier
- Helminthosporium and Penicilliume5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e5“Facultative parasites of the genera Alternaria, Rhizoctonia, Helminthosporium and Penicillium were also found”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected seeds were either rapidly overgrown by F. oxysporum or developed into diseased seedlings.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume6pathogen
- Outcome
- rapidly overgrowne6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e6“they were either rapidly overgrown by F. oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
F. oxysporum occurred in all tested seed parts of cucumber.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporum isolate (Fem8)Fusarium oxysporume1pathogen
- Outcome
- occurred in all seed parts testede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Cucumber Seeds”
e1“F. oxysporum isolate (Fem8) was the main causal organism of pre- and post-emergence damping off”
e7“Furthermore, it occurred in all seed parts tested”
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