Abstract
he effect of total alcoholic extract of Verbascum eremobium Murb (family Scrophulariaceae) and its different successive fractions (ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol) were studied on the induction of systemic resistance in cucumber against powdery mildew, root-rot and wilt diseases under greenhouse and field conditions during summer seasons of 2006& 2007. Six flavonoid glycosides and three phenolic acids were isolated using chromatographic methods from the most effective fractions (butanolic and ethereal fractions, respectively). These compounds were identified as 7,3-,4- trimethoxyluteolin, vicenin II, orientin, vitexin, luteolin-5-glucoside,6-hydroxy luteolin-7-glucoside, gallic acid, P-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,5-dihydroxy-1-phenylpropene. Efficiency of these compounds as inducers and antifungal activity were evaluated. Butanolic, ethereal and total alcoholic extracts of Verbascum eremobium showed antifungal activity against Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. Cucumber leaves sprayed with 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium induced resistance to powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuligineaunder greenhouse and field conditions. Cucumber seedlings soaked in 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium before planting induced resistance to root–rot disease caused by Pythium ultimum, Fusarium solaniand Rhizoctonia solani as well as wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum. Activity of chitinase and peroxidase associated with induction of resistance were increased by butanolic and ethereal extracts treatment . Furthermore, they stimulated the accumulation of phenolic compounds of cucumber.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber leaves sprayed with 2000 ppm butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium had induced resistance to powdery mildew under greenhouse and field conditions
- Taxon
- Cucumber
Cucumis sativuse1 - Treatment
- 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobiume1
- Interactor
- Sphaerotheca fuliginea
Podosphaera fuligineae1pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to powdery mildewe1
- Direction
- inducede1
- Setting
- greenhouse and field conditionse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Cucumber leaves sprayed with 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium induced resistance to powdery mildew caused by Sphaerotheca fuligineaunder greenhouse and field conditions”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber seedlings soaked in 2000 ppm butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium had induced resistance to root–rot disease
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobiume2
- Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume2pathogen
- Second interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie2pathogen - Outcome
- resistance to root–rot diseasee2
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Cucumber seedlings soaked in 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium before planting induced resistance to root–rot disease caused by Pythium ultimum, Fusarium solaniand Rhizoctonia solani”
Claim · model-written summary
Cucumber seedlings soaked in 2000 ppm butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium had induced resistance to wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum
- Taxon
- CucumberCucumis sativuse2
- Treatment
- 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobiume2
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume3pathogen - Outcome
- wilt diseasee3
- Direction
- inducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e2“Cucumber seedlings soaked in 2000 ppm of butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium before planting induced resistance to root–rot disease caused by Pythium ultimum, Fusarium solaniand Rhizoctonia solani”
e3“as well as wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum”
Claim · model-written summary
Butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium increased chitinase and peroxidase activity in cucumber
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- butanolic and ethereal extractse4
- Gene
- chitinase and peroxidasee4
- Outcome
- Activity of chitinase and peroxidasee4
- Direction
- increasede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“induction of systemic resistance in cucumber against powdery mildew, root-rot and wilt diseases”
e4“Activity of chitinase and peroxidase associated with induction of resistance were increased by butanolic and ethereal extracts treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Butanolic and ethereal extracts of Verbascum eremobium stimulated phenolic compound accumulation in cucumber
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse5
- Treatment
- butanolic and ethereal extractse4
- Outcome
- accumulation of phenolic compoundse5
- Direction
- stimulatede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Activity of chitinase and peroxidase associated with induction of resistance were increased by butanolic and ethereal extracts treatment”
e5“they stimulated the accumulation of phenolic compounds of cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Butanolic, ethereal and total alcoholic extracts of Verbascum eremobium showed antifungal activity in vitro against Pythium ultimum and Rhizoctonia solani
- Taxon
- Verbascum eremobium
Verbascum eremobiume6 - Interactor
- Pythium ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume6pathogen
- Second interactor
- Rhizoctonia solaniRhizoctonia solanie6pathogen
- Outcome
- antifungal activitye6
- Setting
- in vitroe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Butanolic, ethereal and total alcoholic extracts of Verbascum eremobium showed antifungal activity against Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Six flavonoid glycosides and three phenolic acids were isolated from the most effective Verbascum eremobium fractions
- Taxon
- Verbascum eremobiumVerbascum eremobiume6
- Outcome
- Six flavonoid glycosides and three phenolic acids were isolatede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Butanolic, ethereal and total alcoholic extracts of Verbascum eremobium showed antifungal activity against Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum in vitro”
e7“Six flavonoid glycosides and three phenolic acids were isolated using chromatographic methods from the most effective fractions”
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botanical · Podosphaera fuliginea · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
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botanical · Fusarium oxysporum · Cucumis sativus (cucumber)Results agree
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.