Abstract
Abstract Global climate change is intensifying water scarcity, making drought stress a critical challenge for crop production. This study evaluated the potential of fish waste extract (FWE), a circular bioeconomy product, to enhance drought tolerance in cucumber seedlings. A 2 × 4 factorial design (FWE priming × polyethylene glycol at 0, 1, 2, and 3% to simulate drought) was applied to evaluate germination, growth, oxidative stress, antioxidant responses, and secondary metabolites. Qualitative phytochemical screening of FWE revealed the presence of phenolics, amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, reducing sugars and coumarins. Drought-stressed cucumber seedlings exhibited reduction in germination parameters and vigor indices, disruption in water homeostasis, decline in membrane stability alongside elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) indicating oxidative damage. However, FWE priming significantly alleviated drought effects, enhancing germination, restoring water content and membrane stability, and reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 . Most obviously, under drought stress, FWE amplified proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity, while boosting phenolics and flavonoids reflecting induction of secondary metabolism. Multivariate analyses, including hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, revealed that FWE treatment significantly enhanced drought tolerance in cucumber seedlings under PEG-induced stress. These findings highlight FWE as a sustainable, low-cost biostimulant that converts agro-industrial byproducts into valuable inputs for drought-resilient cucumber cultivation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Fish waste extract contained several phytochemical classes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Qualitative phytochemical screening of FWE revealed the presence of phenolics, amino acids, flavonoids, alkaloids, reducing sugars and coumarins.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought reduced cucumber germination and vigor.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse0 - Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- germination parameters and vigor indicese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought-stressed cucumber seedlings exhibited reduction in germination parameters and vigor indices, disruption in water homeostasis, decline in membrane stability alongside elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) indicating oxidative damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought disrupted water homeostasis and reduced membrane stability.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- water homeostasise0
- Direction
- disruptione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought-stressed cucumber seedlings exhibited reduction in germination parameters and vigor indices, disruption in water homeostasis, decline in membrane stability alongside elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) indicating oxidative damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought elevated MDA and hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )e0
- Direction
- elevatinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought-stressed cucumber seedlings exhibited reduction in germination parameters and vigor indices, disruption in water homeostasis, decline in membrane stability alongside elevating malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) indicating oxidative damage.”
Claim · model-written summary
FWE priming increased germination, water content and membrane stability under drought.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- FWE priminge0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- enhancinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, FWE priming significantly alleviated drought effects, enhancing germination, restoring water content and membrane stability, and reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 .”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
FWE priming reduced MDA and hydrogen peroxide.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- FWE priminge0
- Outcome
- MDA and H 2 O 2e0
- Direction
- reducinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, FWE priming significantly alleviated drought effects, enhancing germination, restoring water content and membrane stability, and reducing MDA and H 2 O 2 .”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
FWE increased proline and antioxidant enzyme activity under drought.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- FWEe0
- Outcome
- proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activitye0
- Direction
- amplifiede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most obviously, under drought stress, FWE amplified proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity, while boosting phenolics and flavonoids reflecting induction of secondary metabolism.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
FWE increased phenolics and flavonoids under drought.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativust0
- Treatment
- FWEe0
- Outcome
- phenolics and flavonoidse0
- Direction
- boostinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most obviously, under drought stress, FWE amplified proline accumulation and antioxidant enzyme activity, while boosting phenolics and flavonoids reflecting induction of secondary metabolism.”
t0“cucumber”
Claim · model-written summary
Multivariate analyses indicated improved drought tolerance with FWE.
- Taxon
- cucumberCucumis sativuse0
- Treatment
- FWE treatmente0
- Outcome
- drought tolerancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Multivariate analyses, including hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis, revealed that FWE treatment significantly enhanced drought tolerance in cucumber seedlings under PEG-induced stress.”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.