Abstract
The influence of three plant growth regulators, indolebutyric acid (IBA), thidiazuron (TDZ) and gibberellic acid (GA3), either individually or in pair-wise combinations, on the ability of waxy corn plant to remove hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) from contaminated soil was studied. Waxy corn seeds were immersed for 3 h in solutions of 1.0 mg/l IBA, 0.01 mg/l TDZ, 0.1 mg/l GA3, or a mixture of two of the growth regulators, and then inoculated in soil contaminated with 46.8 mg/kg HCH for 30 days. Pretreatment of corn seeds with the plant growth regulators did not enhance corn growth when compared with those immersed in distilled water (control), but the pretreatment enhanced HCH removal significantly. On day 30, HCH concentration in the bulk soil planted with corn seeds pretreated with GA3 or TDZ+GA3 decreased by 97.4% and 98.4%, respectively. In comparison, HCH removal in soil planted with non-pretreated control waxy corn seeds was only 35.7%. The effect of several growth regulator application methods was tested with 0.01 mg/l TDZ. The results showed that none of the methods, which ranged from seed immersion, watering in soil, or spraying on shoots, affected HCH removal from soil. However, the method of applying the growth regulators may affect corn growth. Watering the corn plant with TDZ in soil led to higher root fresh weight (2.2 g) and higher root dried weight (0.57 g) than the other treatments (0.2-1.7 g root fresh weight and 0.02-0.43 g root dried weight) on day 30. Varying the concentrations of GA3 did not affect the enhancement of corn growth and HCH removal on day 30. The results showed that plant growth regulators may have potential for use to enhance HCH phytoremediation.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator seed pretreatment did not enhance corn growth versus water controls.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse0 - Treatment
- plant growth regulatorse0
- Outcome
- corn growthe0
- Direction
- did not enhancee0
- Comparator
- distilled water (control)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pretreatment of corn seeds with the plant growth regulators did not enhance corn growth when compared with those immersed in distilled water (control)”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth regulator seed pretreatment significantly enhanced HCH removal.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“the pretreatment enhanced HCH removal significantly”
t0“Plant Growth Regulators”
e1“waxy corn plant”
Claim · model-written summary
GA3-pretreated corn reduced bulk-soil HCH concentration by 97.4% at day 30.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- GA3e0
- Outcome
- HCH concentration in the bulk soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 97.4%e0
- Qualifier
- On day 30e0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated control waxy corn seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On day 30, HCH concentration in the bulk soil planted with corn seeds pretreated with GA3 or TDZ+GA3 decreased by 97.4% and 98.4%, respectively.”
e1“HCH removal in soil planted with non-pretreated control waxy corn seeds was only 35.7%.”
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ+GA3-pretreated corn reduced bulk-soil HCH concentration by 98.4% at day 30.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- TDZ+GA3e0
- Outcome
- HCH concentration in the bulk soile0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 98.4%e0
- Qualifier
- On day 30e0
- Comparator
- non-pretreated control waxy corn seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“On day 30, HCH concentration in the bulk soil planted with corn seeds pretreated with GA3 or TDZ+GA3 decreased by 97.4% and 98.4%, respectively.”
e1“HCH removal in soil planted with non-pretreated control waxy corn seeds was only 35.7%.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonpretreated waxy corn removed 35.7% of HCH from soil.
Verbatim
e0“HCH removal in soil planted with non-pretreated control waxy corn seeds was only 35.7%.”
Claim · model-written summary
TDZ application method did not affect HCH removal from soil.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse2
- Treatment
- 0.01 mg/l TDZe1
- Outcome
- HCH removal from soile0
- Direction
- none of the methodse0
- Comparator
- seed immersion, watering in soil, or spraying on shootse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“none of the methods, which ranged from seed immersion, watering in soil, or spraying on shoots, affected HCH removal from soil.”
e1“several growth regulator application methods was tested with 0.01 mg/l TDZ”
e2“ability of waxy corn plant to remove hexachlorocyclohexane”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering corn with TDZ gave higher root fresh weight than other treatments at day 30.
- Taxon
- corn plantZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Watering the corn plant with TDZ in soile0
- Outcome
- root fresh weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 2.2 ge0
- Qualifier
- 0.2-1.7 g root fresh weighte0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Watering the corn plant with TDZ in soil led to higher root fresh weight (2.2 g) and higher root dried weight (0.57 g) than the other treatments (0.2-1.7 g root fresh weight and 0.02-0.43 g root dried weight) on day 30.”
Claim · model-written summary
Watering corn with TDZ gave higher root dried weight than other treatments at day 30.
- Taxon
- corn plantZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- Watering the corn plant with TDZ in soile0
- Outcome
- root dried weighte0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 0.57 ge0
- Qualifier
- 0.02-0.43 g root dried weighte0
- Comparator
- other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Watering the corn plant with TDZ in soil led to higher root fresh weight (2.2 g) and higher root dried weight (0.57 g) than the other treatments (0.2-1.7 g root fresh weight and 0.02-0.43 g root dried weight) on day 30.”
Claim · model-written summary
Varying GA3 concentration did not alter enhanced corn growth or HCH removal at day 30.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- concentrations of GA3e0
- Outcome
- corn growth and HCH removale0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
- Qualifier
- on day 30e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Varying the concentrations of GA3 did not affect the enhancement of corn growth and HCH removal on day 30.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest growth regulators as a potential means to enhance HCH phytoremediation.
Verbatim
e0“plant growth regulators may have potential for use to enhance HCH phytoremediation”
e1“waxy corn plant”
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