Abstract
Traditional production systems for growing non-astringent persimmon throughout the world have changed rapidly in the last 10 years. New systems have been developed to grow persimmon in subtropical regions of the world. In Australia most orchards are now trained to a palmette system rather than the conventional vase shape system, allowing for easier management and growth control. In contrast, in New Zealand trees are trained to a Y trellis system to improve light interception under cloudy growing conditions. Reflective mulch is also used to further maximise light use and increase fruit heat units necessary to fully mature the fruit. Tree planting densities have increased from 400 to 800 trees per hectare. In Japan high density plantings using micro-propagated trees are being evaluated. In Australia many orchards are netted to exclude birds and fruit eating bats. Multi-purpose fruit fly exclusion netting is also being evaluated as an environmentally friendly alternative to insecticidal cover sprays. New formulations of fruit fly bait sprays with greater efficacy and longer field life have also been developed. Sporadic and erratic budbreak can be a major problem in subtropical regions where trees do receive sufficient chilling. A new range of rest-breaking chemicals such as Armobreak (akolated amine) and Waiken (fatty acid esters) can increase the percentage budbreak, flowering and yield. Excessive vegetative growth during the flowering period leads to competing sinks, reducing fruit set and fruit size. The growth retardant paclobutrazol has been shown to effectively control growth reducing tree size by about 20%. Paclobutrazol also advanced the harvest period by about 2 weeks without loss of fruit quality or storage life. Attempts at improving fruit firmness and post-harvest shelf life through foliar application of Ca have been partially successful but multiple sequential applications are necessary to be effective. Preliminary studies have shown that a new group of growth regulators, ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, when applied 2 to 3 weeks prior to harvest, delayed fruit maturity and improved fruit size, firmness and storage life.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Australian orchards shifted to palmette training to ease management and growth control.
- Treatment
- palmette systeme0
- Outcome
- easier management and growth controle0
- Comparator
- conventional vase shape systeme0
DiospyrosNot reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Australia most orchards are now trained to a palmette system rather than the conventional vase shape system, allowing for easier management and growth control”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
New Zealand trees are trained on Y trellises to improve light interception.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in New Zealand trees are trained to a Y trellis system to improve light interception under cloudy growing conditions”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Reflective mulch is used to maximize light use and increase fruit heat units.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Reflective mulch is also used to further maximise light use and increase fruit heat units necessary to fully mature the fruit”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Tree density increased from 400 to 800 trees per hectare.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tree planting densities have increased from 400 to 800 trees per hectare”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
New fruit fly bait spray formulations had greater efficacy and longer field life.
- Treatment
- New formulations of fruit fly bait sprayse0
- Interactor
- fruit flye0pest
- Outcome
- efficacy and longer field lifee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“New formulations of fruit fly bait sprays with greater efficacy and longer field life have also been developed”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Rest-breaking chemicals increase persimmon budbreak, flowering and yield.
- Treatment
- rest-breaking chemicalse0
- Outcome
- percentage budbreak, flowering and yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A new range of rest-breaking chemicals such as Armobreak (akolated amine) and Waiken (fatty acid esters) can increase the percentage budbreak, flowering and yield”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol reduced tree size by about 20%.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The growth retardant paclobutrazol has been shown to effectively control growth reducing tree size by about 20%”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Paclobutrazol advanced harvest about two weeks without reducing fruit quality or storage life.
- Treatment
- Paclobutrazole0
- Outcome
- harvest periode0
- Direction
- advancede0
- Value
- about 2 weekse0
- Qualifier
- without loss of fruit quality or storage lifee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Paclobutrazol also advanced the harvest period by about 2 weeks without loss of fruit quality or storage life”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar calcium partly improved firmness and shelf life, requiring multiple sequential applications.
- Treatment
- foliar application of Cae0
- Outcome
- fruit firmness and post-harvest shelf lifee0
- Direction
- improvinge0
- Qualifier
- multiple sequential applications are necessarye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Attempts at improving fruit firmness and post-harvest shelf life through foliar application of Ca have been partially successful but multiple sequential applications are necessary to be effective”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors delayed fruit maturity.
- Treatment
- ethylene biosynthesis inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- fruit maturitye0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Qualifier
- 2 to 3 weeks prior to harveste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, when applied 2 to 3 weeks prior to harvest, delayed fruit maturity and improved fruit size, firmness and storage life”
t0“PERSIMMON”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors improved fruit size, firmness and storage life.
- Treatment
- ethylene biosynthesis inhibitorse0
- Outcome
- fruit size, firmness and storage lifee0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethylene biosynthesis inhibitors, when applied 2 to 3 weeks prior to harvest, delayed fruit maturity and improved fruit size, firmness and storage life”
t0“PERSIMMON”
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