Abstract
Environmental stresses such as salinity and extreme temperatures negatively affect germination, growth and productivity of crops worldwide. To identify genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance, we carried out a large scale screening of T-DNA activation tagged mutants with stress-tolerant extremophile Thellungiella halophila (SHANGDONG, a halophyte) and model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0, a glycophyte) carrying a stress responsive TCH4 promoter fused luciferase (TCH4::LUC) reporter gene. Biochemical, genetic and molecular characterization of several mutants revealed several known and novel genes involved in plant development and stress signaling, e.g. HGC1 and CET1. T. halophila hgc1-1 (high germination capacity line 1) mutant showed decreased sensitivity to NaCl, mannitol and ABA during germination. HGC1 encodes a putative pyruvate kinase. The hgc1-1 mutant accumulates higher levels of HGC transcripts compared to wild type plants. A knock-out mutant of A. thaliana AtHGC1 (homolog of ThHGC1) exhibited hypersensitivity to NaCl and ABA during germination. Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing AtHGC1 phenocopied the T. halophila hgc1-1 mutant in seed germination on media containing NaCl and ABA. Conservation of these gene sequences that maintain similar function in both the halophyte and glycophyte may be indicative that HGC1 is critical to the fitness of T. halophila to its native saline environment. TCH4::LUC reporter genetic screening led to the identification of cet1-1 (constitutively expression of TCH4::LUC) mutant, which showed constitutive expression of LUC. Northern blot revealed that endogenous TCH4 gene expression was higher in cet1-1 as compared with wild type plants. cet1-1 mutation resulted in morphological changes and enhanced thermotolerance. One of the reasons for increased heat tolerance of cet1-1 appears to be higher expression levels of HSP101 which encodes a necessary heat shock protein for thermotolerance. CET1 is an unknown gene and encodes a protein with unknown properties, and expresses in a wide range of tissues and developmental stages.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Mutant characterization identified known and novel development and stress signaling genes including HGC1 and CET1.
- Gene
- HGC1 and CET1e0
- Outcome
- known and novel genes involved in plant development and stress signalinge0
- Value
- severale0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“characterization of several mutants revealed several known and novel genes involved in plant development and stress signaling, e.g. HGC1 and CET1”
Claim · model-written summary
Thellungiella hgc1-1 germination was less sensitive to NaCl, mannitol and ABA.
- Taxon
- T. halophilaEutrema halophilume0
- Material
- hgc1-1e0
- Outcome
- sensitivity to NaCl, mannitol and ABA during germinatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Verbatim
e0“T. halophila hgc1-1 (high germination capacity line 1) mutant showed decreased sensitivity to NaCl, mannitol and ABA during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
HGC1 encodes a putative pyruvate kinase.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“HGC1 encodes a putative pyruvate kinase”
Claim · model-written summary
The hgc1-1 mutant accumulated more HGC transcripts than wild type.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The hgc1-1 mutant accumulates higher levels of HGC transcripts compared to wild type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Arabidopsis AtHGC1 knockout was hypersensitive to NaCl and ABA during germination.
- Taxon
- A. thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Gene
- AtHGC1e0
- Outcome
- hypersensitivity to NaCl and ABA during germinatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A knock-out mutant of A. thaliana AtHGC1 (homolog of ThHGC1) exhibited hypersensitivity to NaCl and ABA during germination”
Claim · model-written summary
AtHGC1 overexpression reproduced the Thellungiella hgc1-1 germination phenotype under NaCl and ABA.
- Taxon
- ArabidopsisArabidopsise0
- Treatment
- overexpressing AtHGC1e0
- Gene
- AtHGC1e0
- Outcome
- seed germination on media containing NaCl and ABAe0
- Direction
- phenocopiede0
- Comparator
- T. halophila hgc1-1 mutante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Arabidopsis transgenic plants overexpressing AtHGC1 phenocopied the T. halophila hgc1-1 mutant in seed germination on media containing NaCl and ABA”
Claim · model-written summary
The cet1-1 mutant constitutively expressed LUC.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“cet1-1 (constitutively expression of TCH4::LUC) mutant, which showed constitutive expression of LUC”
Claim · model-written summary
Endogenous TCH4 expression was higher in cet1-1 than wild type.
- Material
- cet1-1e0
- Gene
- TCH4e0
- Outcome
- TCH4 gene expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- wild type plantse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“endogenous TCH4 gene expression was higher in cet1-1 as compared with wild type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The cet1-1 mutation caused morphological changes.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“cet1-1 mutation resulted in morphological changes and enhanced thermotolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
The cet1-1 mutation enhanced thermotolerance.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“cet1-1 mutation resulted in morphological changes and enhanced thermotolerance”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher HSP101 expression appears to explain part of cet1-1 heat tolerance.
- Gene
- HSP101e0
- Outcome
- heat tolerancee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- appears to be higher expression levelse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“One of the reasons for increased heat tolerance of cet1-1 appears to be higher expression levels of HSP101”
Claim · model-written summary
CET1 encodes a protein with unknown properties.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“CET1 is an unknown gene and encodes a protein with unknown properties”
Claim · model-written summary
CET1 is expressed across many tissues and developmental stages.
- Outcome
- expresses in a wide range of tissues and developmental stagese0
Not reportedTaxonGene
Verbatim
e0“expresses in a wide range of tissues and developmental stages”