Abstract
The substrate-specific induction of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD, EC 1.1.1.195) was examined in relation to its role in regulating the composition of defensive lignin induced at wound margins. Treatment of wounds with a partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysate or spores of the nonpathogen Botrytis cinerea elicited lignification at wound margins and invoked significant increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and CAD activities. The substrate-specific induction of CAD with time was determined in elicitor-treated leaves and in excised lignifying wounds. In whole leaf extracts no significant increases in p-cou-maryl and coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities were detectable, but a significant 5-fold increase in sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity was evident 32 h after elicitor treatment. Similarly, fungal challenge resulted in elevated levels of only sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase in whole-leaf extracts. In excised lignifying tissues p-coumaryl alcohol dehydrogenase levels were similar to those observed in healthy tissue. A small yet significant increase in coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase was apparent, but the most dramatic increase occurred in sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, which increased to values approximately 10 times higher than the untreated controls. Our results show for the first time that CAD induction in lignifying tissues of wheat is predominantly attributable to highly localized increases in sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Chitosan hydrolysate treatment elicited lignification at wheat wound margins.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysatee1
- Outcome
- lignification at wound marginse1
- Direction
- elicitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“Treatment of wounds with a partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysate or spores of the nonpathogen Botrytis cinerea elicited lignification at wound margins”
Claim · model-written summary
Botrytis cinerea spores elicited lignification at wheat wound margins.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- spores of the nonpathogen Botrytis cinereae1
- Interactor
- Botrytis cinerea
Botrytis cinereae1other - Outcome
- lignification at wound marginse1
- Direction
- elicitede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“spores of the nonpathogen Botrytis cinerea elicited lignification at wound margins”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatment significantly increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, peroxidase and CAD activities in wheat.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysatee1
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and CAD activitiese1
- Direction
- increasese1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“Treatment of wounds with a partially acetylated chitosan hydrolysate or spores of the nonpathogen Botrytis cinerea elicited lignification at wound margins and invoked significant increases in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and CAD activities.”
Claim · model-written summary
Whole-leaf p-cou-maryl and coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities did not increase significantly after elicitor treatment.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- p-cou-maryl and coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase activitiese1
- Direction
- no significant increasese1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“In whole leaf extracts no significant increases in p-cou-maryl and coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase activities were detectable”
Claim · model-written summary
Elicitor treatment increased whole-leaf sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity fivefold after 32 h.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- elicitor treatmente1
- Outcome
- sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activitye1
- Direction
- increasee1
- Value
- 5-folde1
- Qualifier
- 32 he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“a significant 5-fold increase in sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity was evident 32 h after elicitor treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal challenge elevated only sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase in whole-leaf extracts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- fungal challengee1
- Outcome
- sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase in whole-leaf extractse1
- Direction
- elevatede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“fungal challenge resulted in elevated levels of only sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase in whole-leaf extracts”
Claim · model-written summary
In lignifying wheat tissue, p-coumaryl alcohol dehydrogenase levels resembled healthy tissue.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- p-coumaryl alcohol dehydrogenase levelse1
- Direction
- similare1
- Comparator
- healthy tissuee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“In excised lignifying tissues p-coumaryl alcohol dehydrogenase levels were similar to those observed in healthy tissue.”
Claim · model-written summary
Coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase increased slightly but significantly in lignifying wheat tissue.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenasee1
- Direction
- increasee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“A small yet significant increase in coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase was apparent”
Claim · model-written summary
Sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity in lignifying wheat tissue was approximately ten times untreated controls.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 10 timese1
- Comparator
- untreated controlse1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv Fenman) leaf”
e1“sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase activity, which increased to values approximately 10 times higher than the untreated controls”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · physiology: antioxidant enzymes · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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13 papers in the same direction as this paper · 16 in the opposite direction
- negative
- no effect
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.