Abstract
The capability of laser-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (LIF) and pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) fluorescence technique as well as RED/NIR-light reflection measurements for detection and quantification of UV-B induced damages was evaluated in greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.). Photosynthetic recovery from short-term UV-B stress was assessed during 7 days after UV-B treatment with the PAM fluorometer. The exposure of apple leaves to UV-B doses in the range of 10-26 W m-2 for 180 minutes (UV-BBE dose = 5.4-14 kJ m-2) affected neither chlorophyll content nor leaf reflection. Although UV-B damage was not visually evident 2 hours after irradiation, it could be detected by PAM and LIF fluorescence techniques with equivalent success. The intensity of LIF, estimated as the integral of fluorescence spectrum, was reduced after UV-B irradiation by 19-30%. A stronger decrease in F686 compared to F740 fluorescence resulted in significantly lower F686/F740 values in all UV-B treatments. Apple leaves displayed a strong and significant reduction in maximum fluorescence (Fm) and a slightly increase in ground fluorescence (Fo) 2 hours after UV-B treatment, as documented by PAM fluorescence measurement. Negative linear regressions between investigated UV-B doses and selected PAM parameters were found with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.50 for Fv, 0.48 for Fv/Fm, and 0.58 for Fv/Fo. Among the PAM and LIF parameters tested, the Fv/Fo ratio appeared most sensitive for detection of UV-B induced damages displaying greatest changes and strongest correlation with the applied UV-B doses. PAM fluorescence images of apple leaves visualised an enhanced spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity with increasing UV-B dose. The disturbance in photosynthetic functionality was followed by a continuous recovery process as indicated by restoring Fo and Fm parameters. A decline in maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm from 0.80 to 0.72 and 0.43 after exposure to 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutes (UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6 kJ m-2), respectively, was followed by recovery at 7 x 10-4 and 5 x 10-3 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment. The recovery curves of Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo parameters during a week after UV-B irradiation were well fitted with exponential rise to maximum function, such as: y = yo + a (1 - e-bx). However, within 7 days after exposure to UV-B light, apple leaves displayed 14% or 4% lower Fm, and 5% or 1% lower Fv/Fm values compared with control plants, indicating only a partial recovery from photoinhibition and irreversible damages in PSII.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B doses of 10-26 W m-2 for 180 minutes did not change chlorophyll content or leaf reflection in apple leaves.
- Taxon
- Malus domestica
Malus domesticae0 - Treatment
- UV-B doses in the range of 10-26 W m-2 for 180 minutese1
- Outcome
- chlorophyll content nor leaf reflectione1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e1“The exposure of apple leaves to UV-B doses in the range of 10-26 W m-2 for 180 minutes (UV-BBE dose = 5.4-14 kJ m-2) affected neither chlorophyll content nor leaf reflection”
Claim · model-written summary
UV-B damage was not visually evident 2 hours after irradiation, but it was detected by PAM and LIF fluorescence with equivalent success.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- UV-B damagee2
- Qualifier
- with equivalent successe2
- Comparator
- PAM and LIF fluorescence techniquese2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“Although UV-B damage was not visually evident 2 hours after irradiation, it could be detected by PAM and LIF fluorescence techniques with equivalent success”
Claim · model-written summary
The intensity of LIF fluorescence was reduced by 19-30% after UV-B irradiation of apple leaves.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- UV-B irradiatione3
- Outcome
- intensity of LIFe3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Value
- 19-30%e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e3“The intensity of LIF, estimated as the integral of fluorescence spectrum, was reduced after UV-B irradiation by 19-30%”
Claim · model-written summary
After UV-B treatment the F686/F740 values of apple leaves were significantly lower in all UV-B treatments, with a stronger decrease in F686 than in F740 fluorescence.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmentse4
- Outcome
- F686/F740 valuese4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Qualifier
- stronger decrease in F686 compared to F740 fluorescencee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e4“A stronger decrease in F686 compared to F740 fluorescence resulted in significantly lower F686/F740 values in all UV-B treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum fluorescence (Fm) of apple leaves was significantly reduced 2 hours after UV-B treatment.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- Apple leavese5
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente5
- Outcome
- maximum fluorescence (Fm)e5
- Direction
- reductione5
- Qualifier
- 2 hours after UV-B treatmente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e5“Apple leaves displayed a strong and significant reduction in maximum fluorescence (Fm) and a slightly increase in ground fluorescence (Fo) 2 hours after UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Ground fluorescence (Fo) of apple leaves slightly increased 2 hours after UV-B treatment.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- Apple leavese5
- Treatment
- UV-B treatmente5
- Outcome
- ground fluorescence (Fo)e5
- Direction
- increasee5
- Qualifier
- 2 hours after UV-B treatmente5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e5“Apple leaves displayed a strong and significant reduction in maximum fluorescence (Fm) and a slightly increase in ground fluorescence (Fo) 2 hours after UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv is negatively related to UV-B dose in apple leaves, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.50.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- investigated UV-B dosese6
- Outcome
- Fve6
- Value
- 0.50e6
- Qualifier
- determination coefficients (R2)e6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Negative linear regressions between investigated UV-B doses and selected PAM parameters were found with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.50 for Fv, 0.48 for Fv/Fm, and 0.58 for Fv/Fo”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm is negatively related to UV-B dose in apple leaves, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.48.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- investigated UV-B dosese6
- Outcome
- Fv/Fme6
- Value
- 0.48e6
- Qualifier
- determination coefficients (R2)e6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Negative linear regressions between investigated UV-B doses and selected PAM parameters were found with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.50 for Fv, 0.48 for Fv/Fm, and 0.58 for Fv/Fo”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fo is negatively related to UV-B dose in apple leaves, with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.58.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- investigated UV-B dosese6
- Outcome
- Fv/Foe6
- Value
- 0.58e6
- Qualifier
- determination coefficients (R2)e6
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“Negative linear regressions between investigated UV-B doses and selected PAM parameters were found with determination coefficients (R2) of 0.50 for Fv, 0.48 for Fv/Fm, and 0.58 for Fv/Fo”
Claim · model-written summary
The Fv/Fo ratio was the most sensitive of the PAM and LIF parameters for detecting UV-B induced damage in apple leaves.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- most sensitive for detection of UV-B induced damagese7
- Qualifier
- displaying greatest changes and strongest correlation with the applied UV-B dosese7
- Comparator
- the PAM and LIF parameters testede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e7“Among the PAM and LIF parameters tested, the Fv/Fo ratio appeared most sensitive for detection of UV-B induced damages displaying greatest changes and strongest correlation with the applied UV-B doses”
Claim · model-written summary
PAM fluorescence images showed an enhanced spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity in apple leaves with increasing UV-B dose.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- apple leavese1
- Treatment
- increasing UV-B dosee1
- Outcome
- spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic activitye1
- Direction
- enhancede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e1“PAM fluorescence images of apple leaves visualised an enhanced spatial heterogeneity of photosynthetic activity with increasing UV-B dose”
Claim · model-written summary
After UV-B exposure, photosynthetic functionality of apple leaves showed a continuous recovery process, indicated by restoring Fo and Fm.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- continuous recovery processe2
- Qualifier
- as indicated by restoring Fo and Fm parameterse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e2“The disturbance in photosynthetic functionality was followed by a continuous recovery process as indicated by restoring Fo and Fm parameters”
Claim · model-written summary
After 240 minutes at 20 W m-2, Fv/Fm of apple leaves declined from 0.80 to 0.72.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutese3
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fme3
- Direction
- declinee3
- Value
- from 0.80 to 0.72e3
- Qualifier
- UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e3“A decline in maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm from 0.80 to 0.72 and 0.43 after exposure to 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutes (UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6 kJ m-2), respectively, was followed by recovery at 7 x 10-4 and 5 x 10-3 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
After 360 minutes at 20 W m-2, Fv/Fm of apple leaves declined to 0.43.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutese3
- Outcome
- maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fme3
- Direction
- declinee3
- Value
- 0.43e3
- Qualifier
- UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6e3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e3“A decline in maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm from 0.80 to 0.72 and 0.43 after exposure to 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutes (UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6 kJ m-2), respectively, was followed by recovery at 7 x 10-4 and 5 x 10-3 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm of apple leaves recovered at 7 x 10-4 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- recoverye3
- Value
- 7 x 10-4e3
- Qualifier
- units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e3“A decline in maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm from 0.80 to 0.72 and 0.43 after exposure to 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutes (UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6 kJ m-2), respectively, was followed by recovery at 7 x 10-4 and 5 x 10-3 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Fv/Fm of apple leaves recovered at 5 x 10-3 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- recoverye3
- Value
- 5 x 10-3e3
- Qualifier
- units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatmente3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e3“A decline in maximum photochemical efficiency Fv/Fm from 0.80 to 0.72 and 0.43 after exposure to 20 W m-2 for 240 and 360 minutes (UV-BBE = 14.4 and 21.6 kJ m-2), respectively, was followed by recovery at 7 x 10-4 and 5 x 10-3 units per hour during the first 48 hours after UV-B treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
The recovery curves of Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo of apple leaves were well fitted by an exponential rise to maximum function.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- recovery curves of Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo parameterse4
- Qualifier
- well fittede4
- Comparator
- exponential rise to maximum functione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e4“The recovery curves of Fm, Fv, Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo parameters during a week after UV-B irradiation were well fitted with exponential rise to maximum function”
Claim · model-written summary
Within 7 days after UV-B light exposure, apple leaves had 14% or 4% lower Fm than control plants.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- apple leavese5
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-B lighte5
- Outcome
- Fme5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 14% or 4%e5
- Qualifier
- within 7 dayse5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e5“However, within 7 days after exposure to UV-B light, apple leaves displayed 14% or 4% lower Fm, and 5% or 1% lower Fv/Fm values compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Within 7 days after UV-B light exposure, apple leaves had 5% or 1% lower Fv/Fm values than control plants.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Organ / stage
- apple leavese5
- Treatment
- exposure to UV-B lighte5
- Outcome
- Fv/Fm valuese5
- Direction
- lowere5
- Value
- 5% or 1%e5
- Qualifier
- within 7 dayse5
- Comparator
- control plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e5“However, within 7 days after exposure to UV-B light, apple leaves displayed 14% or 4% lower Fm, and 5% or 1% lower Fv/Fm values compared with control plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Apple leaves showed only a partial recovery from photoinhibition and irreversible damage in PSII within 7 days after UV-B exposure.
- Taxon
- Malus domesticaMalus domesticae0
- Outcome
- partial recovery from photoinhibitione6
- Qualifier
- irreversible damages in PSIIe6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“greenhouse experiments with apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.)”
e6“indicating only a partial recovery from photoinhibition and irreversible damages in PSII”
The same questions in other papers
light · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
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- positive
- positive
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See all 8 papers →uv · physiology: photosynthesis · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.